Staging
v0.8.1
https://github.com/python/cpython
Revision e266d062e017b122b9741db2bd5fb99742378623 authored by Miss Islington (bot) on 25 August 2019, 06:18:01 UTC, committed by GitHub on 25 August 2019, 06:18:01 UTC

These were caused by keeping around a reference to the Squeezer
instance and calling it's load_font() upon config changes, which
sometimes happened even if the shell window no longer existed.

This change completely removes that mechanism, instead having the
editor window properly update its width attribute, which can then
be used by Squeezer.
(cherry picked from commit d4b4c00b57d24f6ee2cf3a96213406bb09953df3)

Co-authored-by: Tal Einat <taleinat+github@gmail.com>
1 parent 21161d7
Raw File
Tip revision: e266d062e017b122b9741db2bd5fb99742378623 authored by Miss Islington (bot) on 25 August 2019, 06:18:01 UTC
bpo-37929: IDLE: avoid Squeezer-related config dialog crashes (GH-15452)
Tip revision: e266d06
_testcapimodule.c
/*
 * C Extension module to test Python interpreter C APIs.
 *
 * The 'test_*' functions exported by this module are run as part of the
 * standard Python regression test, via Lib/test/test_capi.py.
 */

/* The Visual Studio projects builds _testcapi with Py_BUILD_CORE_MODULE
   define, but we only want to test the public C API, not the internal
   C API. */
#undef Py_BUILD_CORE_MODULE

#define PY_SSIZE_T_CLEAN

#include "Python.h"
#include "datetime.h"
#include "marshal.h"
#include "pythread.h"
#include "structmember.h"
#include <float.h>
#include <signal.h>

#ifdef MS_WINDOWS
#  include <winsock2.h>         /* struct timeval */
#endif

#ifdef HAVE_SYS_WAIT_H
#include <sys/wait.h>           /* For W_STOPCODE */
#endif

#ifdef Py_BUILD_CORE
#  error "_testcapi must test the public Python C API, not CPython internal C API"
#endif

static PyObject *TestError;     /* set to exception object in init */

/* Raise TestError with test_name + ": " + msg, and return NULL. */

static PyObject *
raiseTestError(const char* test_name, const char* msg)
{
    PyErr_Format(TestError, "%s: %s", test_name, msg);
    return NULL;
}

/* Test #defines from pyconfig.h (particularly the SIZEOF_* defines).

   The ones derived from autoconf on the UNIX-like OSes can be relied
   upon (in the absence of sloppy cross-compiling), but the Windows
   platforms have these hardcoded.  Better safe than sorry.
*/
static PyObject*
sizeof_error(const char* fatname, const char* typname,
    int expected, int got)
{
    PyErr_Format(TestError,
        "%s #define == %d but sizeof(%s) == %d",
        fatname, expected, typname, got);
    return (PyObject*)NULL;
}

static PyObject*
test_config(PyObject *self, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
{
#define CHECK_SIZEOF(FATNAME, TYPE) \
            if (FATNAME != sizeof(TYPE)) \
                return sizeof_error(#FATNAME, #TYPE, FATNAME, sizeof(TYPE))

    CHECK_SIZEOF(SIZEOF_SHORT, short);
    CHECK_SIZEOF(SIZEOF_INT, int);
    CHECK_SIZEOF(SIZEOF_LONG, long);
    CHECK_SIZEOF(SIZEOF_VOID_P, void*);
    CHECK_SIZEOF(SIZEOF_TIME_T, time_t);
    CHECK_SIZEOF(SIZEOF_LONG_LONG, long long);

#undef CHECK_SIZEOF

    Py_RETURN_NONE;
}

static PyObject*
test_sizeof_c_types(PyObject *self, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
{
#if defined(__GNUC__) && ((__GNUC__ > 4) || ((__GNUC__ == 4) && (__GNUC_MINOR__ > 5)))
#pragma GCC diagnostic push
#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wtype-limits"
#endif
#define CHECK_SIZEOF(TYPE, EXPECTED)         \
    if (EXPECTED != sizeof(TYPE))  {         \
        PyErr_Format(TestError,              \
            "sizeof(%s) = %u instead of %u", \
            #TYPE, sizeof(TYPE), EXPECTED);  \
        return (PyObject*)NULL;              \
    }
#define IS_SIGNED(TYPE) (((TYPE)-1) < (TYPE)0)
#define CHECK_SIGNNESS(TYPE, SIGNED)         \
    if (IS_SIGNED(TYPE) != SIGNED) {         \
        PyErr_Format(TestError,              \
            "%s signness is, instead of %i",  \
            #TYPE, IS_SIGNED(TYPE), SIGNED); \
        return (PyObject*)NULL;              \
    }

    /* integer types */
    CHECK_SIZEOF(Py_UCS1, 1);
    CHECK_SIZEOF(Py_UCS2, 2);
    CHECK_SIZEOF(Py_UCS4, 4);
    CHECK_SIGNNESS(Py_UCS1, 0);
    CHECK_SIGNNESS(Py_UCS2, 0);
    CHECK_SIGNNESS(Py_UCS4, 0);
    CHECK_SIZEOF(int32_t, 4);
    CHECK_SIGNNESS(int32_t, 1);
    CHECK_SIZEOF(uint32_t, 4);
    CHECK_SIGNNESS(uint32_t, 0);
    CHECK_SIZEOF(int64_t, 8);
    CHECK_SIGNNESS(int64_t, 1);
    CHECK_SIZEOF(uint64_t, 8);
    CHECK_SIGNNESS(uint64_t, 0);

    /* pointer/size types */
    CHECK_SIZEOF(size_t, sizeof(void *));
    CHECK_SIGNNESS(size_t, 0);
    CHECK_SIZEOF(Py_ssize_t, sizeof(void *));
    CHECK_SIGNNESS(Py_ssize_t, 1);

    CHECK_SIZEOF(uintptr_t, sizeof(void *));
    CHECK_SIGNNESS(uintptr_t, 0);
    CHECK_SIZEOF(intptr_t, sizeof(void *));
    CHECK_SIGNNESS(intptr_t, 1);

    Py_RETURN_NONE;

#undef IS_SIGNED
#undef CHECK_SIGNESS
#undef CHECK_SIZEOF
#if defined(__GNUC__) && ((__GNUC__ > 4) || ((__GNUC__ == 4) && (__GNUC_MINOR__ > 5)))
#pragma GCC diagnostic pop
#endif
}


static PyObject*
test_list_api(PyObject *self, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
{
    PyObject* list;
    int i;

    /* SF bug 132008:  PyList_Reverse segfaults */
#define NLIST 30
    list = PyList_New(NLIST);
    if (list == (PyObject*)NULL)
        return (PyObject*)NULL;
    /* list = range(NLIST) */
    for (i = 0; i < NLIST; ++i) {
        PyObject* anint = PyLong_FromLong(i);
        if (anint == (PyObject*)NULL) {
            Py_DECREF(list);
            return (PyObject*)NULL;
        }
        PyList_SET_ITEM(list, i, anint);
    }
    /* list.reverse(), via PyList_Reverse() */
    i = PyList_Reverse(list);   /* should not blow up! */
    if (i != 0) {
        Py_DECREF(list);
        return (PyObject*)NULL;
    }
    /* Check that list == range(29, -1, -1) now */
    for (i = 0; i < NLIST; ++i) {
        PyObject* anint = PyList_GET_ITEM(list, i);
        if (PyLong_AS_LONG(anint) != NLIST-1-i) {
            PyErr_SetString(TestError,
                            "test_list_api: reverse screwed up");
            Py_DECREF(list);
            return (PyObject*)NULL;
        }
    }
    Py_DECREF(list);
#undef NLIST

    Py_RETURN_NONE;
}

static int
test_dict_inner(int count)
{
    Py_ssize_t pos = 0, iterations = 0;
    int i;
    PyObject *dict = PyDict_New();
    PyObject *v, *k;

    if (dict == NULL)
        return -1;

    for (i = 0; i < count; i++) {
        v = PyLong_FromLong(i);
        if (v == NULL) {
            return -1;
        }
        if (PyDict_SetItem(dict, v, v) < 0) {
            Py_DECREF(v);
            return -1;
        }
        Py_DECREF(v);
    }

    while (PyDict_Next(dict, &pos, &k, &v)) {
        PyObject *o;
        iterations++;

        i = PyLong_AS_LONG(v) + 1;
        o = PyLong_FromLong(i);
        if (o == NULL)
            return -1;
        if (PyDict_SetItem(dict, k, o) < 0) {
            Py_DECREF(o);
            return -1;
        }
        Py_DECREF(o);
    }

    Py_DECREF(dict);

    if (iterations != count) {
        PyErr_SetString(
            TestError,
            "test_dict_iteration: dict iteration went wrong ");
        return -1;
    } else {
        return 0;
    }
}

static PyObject*
test_dict_iteration(PyObject* self, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
{
    int i;

    for (i = 0; i < 200; i++) {
        if (test_dict_inner(i) < 0) {
            return NULL;
        }
    }

    Py_RETURN_NONE;
}

static PyObject*
dict_getitem_knownhash(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
{
    PyObject *mp, *key, *result;
    Py_ssize_t hash;

    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "OOn:dict_getitem_knownhash",
                          &mp, &key, &hash)) {
        return NULL;
    }

    result = _PyDict_GetItem_KnownHash(mp, key, (Py_hash_t)hash);
    if (result == NULL && !PyErr_Occurred()) {
        _PyErr_SetKeyError(key);
        return NULL;
    }

    Py_XINCREF(result);
    return result;
}

static PyObject*
dict_hassplittable(PyObject *self, PyObject *arg)
{
    if (!PyDict_Check(arg)) {
        PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError,
                     "dict_hassplittable() argument must be dict, not '%s'",
                     arg->ob_type->tp_name);
        return NULL;
    }

    return PyBool_FromLong(_PyDict_HasSplitTable((PyDictObject*)arg));
}

/* Issue #4701: Check that PyObject_Hash implicitly calls
 *   PyType_Ready if it hasn't already been called
 */
static PyTypeObject _HashInheritanceTester_Type = {
    PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(NULL, 0)
    "hashinheritancetester",            /* Name of this type */
    sizeof(PyObject),           /* Basic object size */
    0,                          /* Item size for varobject */
    (destructor)PyObject_Del, /* tp_dealloc */
    0,                          /* tp_vectorcall_offset */
    0,                          /* tp_getattr */
    0,                          /* tp_setattr */
    0,                          /* tp_as_async */
    0,                          /* tp_repr */
    0,                          /* tp_as_number */
    0,                          /* tp_as_sequence */
    0,                          /* tp_as_mapping */
    0,                          /* tp_hash */
    0,                          /* tp_call */
    0,                          /* tp_str */
    PyObject_GenericGetAttr,  /* tp_getattro */
    0,                          /* tp_setattro */
    0,                          /* tp_as_buffer */
    Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT,         /* tp_flags */
    0,                          /* tp_doc */
    0,                          /* tp_traverse */
    0,                          /* tp_clear */
    0,                          /* tp_richcompare */
    0,                          /* tp_weaklistoffset */
    0,                          /* tp_iter */
    0,                          /* tp_iternext */
    0,                          /* tp_methods */
    0,                          /* tp_members */
    0,                          /* tp_getset */
    0,                          /* tp_base */
    0,                          /* tp_dict */
    0,                          /* tp_descr_get */
    0,                          /* tp_descr_set */
    0,                          /* tp_dictoffset */
    0,                          /* tp_init */
    0,                          /* tp_alloc */
    PyType_GenericNew,                  /* tp_new */
};

static PyObject*
test_lazy_hash_inheritance(PyObject* self, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
{
    PyTypeObject *type;
    PyObject *obj;
    Py_hash_t hash;

    type = &_HashInheritanceTester_Type;

    if (type->tp_dict != NULL)
        /* The type has already been initialized. This probably means
           -R is being used. */
        Py_RETURN_NONE;


    obj = PyObject_New(PyObject, type);
    if (obj == NULL) {
        PyErr_Clear();
        PyErr_SetString(
            TestError,
            "test_lazy_hash_inheritance: failed to create object");
        return NULL;
    }

    if (type->tp_dict != NULL) {
        PyErr_SetString(
            TestError,
            "test_lazy_hash_inheritance: type initialised too soon");
        Py_DECREF(obj);
        return NULL;
    }

    hash = PyObject_Hash(obj);
    if ((hash == -1) && PyErr_Occurred()) {
        PyErr_Clear();
        PyErr_SetString(
            TestError,
            "test_lazy_hash_inheritance: could not hash object");
        Py_DECREF(obj);
        return NULL;
    }

    if (type->tp_dict == NULL) {
        PyErr_SetString(
            TestError,
            "test_lazy_hash_inheritance: type not initialised by hash()");
        Py_DECREF(obj);
        return NULL;
    }

    if (type->tp_hash != PyType_Type.tp_hash) {
        PyErr_SetString(
            TestError,
            "test_lazy_hash_inheritance: unexpected hash function");
        Py_DECREF(obj);
        return NULL;
    }

    Py_DECREF(obj);

    Py_RETURN_NONE;
}


/* Tests of PyLong_{As, From}{Unsigned,}Long(), and
   PyLong_{As, From}{Unsigned,}LongLong().

   Note that the meat of the test is contained in testcapi_long.h.
   This is revolting, but delicate code duplication is worse:  "almost
   exactly the same" code is needed to test long long, but the ubiquitous
   dependence on type names makes it impossible to use a parameterized
   function.  A giant macro would be even worse than this.  A C++ template
   would be perfect.

   The "report an error" functions are deliberately not part of the #include
   file:  if the test fails, you can set a breakpoint in the appropriate
   error function directly, and crawl back from there in the debugger.
*/

#define UNBIND(X)  Py_DECREF(X); (X) = NULL

static PyObject *
raise_test_long_error(const char* msg)
{
    return raiseTestError("test_long_api", msg);
}

#define TESTNAME        test_long_api_inner
#define TYPENAME        long
#define F_S_TO_PY       PyLong_FromLong
#define F_PY_TO_S       PyLong_AsLong
#define F_U_TO_PY       PyLong_FromUnsignedLong
#define F_PY_TO_U       PyLong_AsUnsignedLong

#include "testcapi_long.h"

static PyObject *
test_long_api(PyObject* self, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
{
    return TESTNAME(raise_test_long_error);
}

#undef TESTNAME
#undef TYPENAME
#undef F_S_TO_PY
#undef F_PY_TO_S
#undef F_U_TO_PY
#undef F_PY_TO_U

static PyObject *
raise_test_longlong_error(const char* msg)
{
    return raiseTestError("test_longlong_api", msg);
}

#define TESTNAME        test_longlong_api_inner
#define TYPENAME        long long
#define F_S_TO_PY       PyLong_FromLongLong
#define F_PY_TO_S       PyLong_AsLongLong
#define F_U_TO_PY       PyLong_FromUnsignedLongLong
#define F_PY_TO_U       PyLong_AsUnsignedLongLong

#include "testcapi_long.h"

static PyObject *
test_longlong_api(PyObject* self, PyObject *args)
{
    return TESTNAME(raise_test_longlong_error);
}

#undef TESTNAME
#undef TYPENAME
#undef F_S_TO_PY
#undef F_PY_TO_S
#undef F_U_TO_PY
#undef F_PY_TO_U

/* Test the PyLong_AsLongAndOverflow API. General conversion to PY_LONG
   is tested by test_long_api_inner. This test will concentrate on proper
   handling of overflow.
*/

static PyObject *
test_long_and_overflow(PyObject *self, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
{
    PyObject *num, *one, *temp;
    long value;
    int overflow;

    /* Test that overflow is set properly for a large value. */
    /* num is a number larger than LONG_MAX even on 64-bit platforms */
    num = PyLong_FromString("FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF", NULL, 16);
    if (num == NULL)
        return NULL;
    overflow = 1234;
    value = PyLong_AsLongAndOverflow(num, &overflow);
    Py_DECREF(num);
    if (value == -1 && PyErr_Occurred())
        return NULL;
    if (value != -1)
        return raiseTestError("test_long_and_overflow",
            "return value was not set to -1");
    if (overflow != 1)
        return raiseTestError("test_long_and_overflow",
            "overflow was not set to 1");

    /* Same again, with num = LONG_MAX + 1 */
    num = PyLong_FromLong(LONG_MAX);
    if (num == NULL)
        return NULL;
    one = PyLong_FromLong(1L);
    if (one == NULL) {
        Py_DECREF(num);
        return NULL;
    }
    temp = PyNumber_Add(num, one);
    Py_DECREF(one);
    Py_DECREF(num);
    num = temp;
    if (num == NULL)
        return NULL;
    overflow = 0;
    value = PyLong_AsLongAndOverflow(num, &overflow);
    Py_DECREF(num);
    if (value == -1 && PyErr_Occurred())
        return NULL;
    if (value != -1)
        return raiseTestError("test_long_and_overflow",
            "return value was not set to -1");
    if (overflow != 1)
        return raiseTestError("test_long_and_overflow",
            "overflow was not set to 1");

    /* Test that overflow is set properly for a large negative value. */
    /* num is a number smaller than LONG_MIN even on 64-bit platforms */
    num = PyLong_FromString("-FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF", NULL, 16);
    if (num == NULL)
        return NULL;
    overflow = 1234;
    value = PyLong_AsLongAndOverflow(num, &overflow);
    Py_DECREF(num);
    if (value == -1 && PyErr_Occurred())
        return NULL;
    if (value != -1)
        return raiseTestError("test_long_and_overflow",
            "return value was not set to -1");
    if (overflow != -1)
        return raiseTestError("test_long_and_overflow",
            "overflow was not set to -1");

    /* Same again, with num = LONG_MIN - 1 */
    num = PyLong_FromLong(LONG_MIN);
    if (num == NULL)
        return NULL;
    one = PyLong_FromLong(1L);
    if (one == NULL) {
        Py_DECREF(num);
        return NULL;
    }
    temp = PyNumber_Subtract(num, one);
    Py_DECREF(one);
    Py_DECREF(num);
    num = temp;
    if (num == NULL)
        return NULL;
    overflow = 0;
    value = PyLong_AsLongAndOverflow(num, &overflow);
    Py_DECREF(num);
    if (value == -1 && PyErr_Occurred())
        return NULL;
    if (value != -1)
        return raiseTestError("test_long_and_overflow",
            "return value was not set to -1");
    if (overflow != -1)
        return raiseTestError("test_long_and_overflow",
            "overflow was not set to -1");

    /* Test that overflow is cleared properly for small values. */
    num = PyLong_FromString("FF", NULL, 16);
    if (num == NULL)
        return NULL;
    overflow = 1234;
    value = PyLong_AsLongAndOverflow(num, &overflow);
    Py_DECREF(num);
    if (value == -1 && PyErr_Occurred())
        return NULL;
    if (value != 0xFF)
        return raiseTestError("test_long_and_overflow",
            "expected return value 0xFF");
    if (overflow != 0)
        return raiseTestError("test_long_and_overflow",
            "overflow was not cleared");

    num = PyLong_FromString("-FF", NULL, 16);
    if (num == NULL)
        return NULL;
    overflow = 0;
    value = PyLong_AsLongAndOverflow(num, &overflow);
    Py_DECREF(num);
    if (value == -1 && PyErr_Occurred())
        return NULL;
    if (value != -0xFF)
        return raiseTestError("test_long_and_overflow",
            "expected return value 0xFF");
    if (overflow != 0)
        return raiseTestError("test_long_and_overflow",
            "overflow was set incorrectly");

    num = PyLong_FromLong(LONG_MAX);
    if (num == NULL)
        return NULL;
    overflow = 1234;
    value = PyLong_AsLongAndOverflow(num, &overflow);
    Py_DECREF(num);
    if (value == -1 && PyErr_Occurred())
        return NULL;
    if (value != LONG_MAX)
        return raiseTestError("test_long_and_overflow",
            "expected return value LONG_MAX");
    if (overflow != 0)
        return raiseTestError("test_long_and_overflow",
            "overflow was not cleared");

    num = PyLong_FromLong(LONG_MIN);
    if (num == NULL)
        return NULL;
    overflow = 0;
    value = PyLong_AsLongAndOverflow(num, &overflow);
    Py_DECREF(num);
    if (value == -1 && PyErr_Occurred())
        return NULL;
    if (value != LONG_MIN)
        return raiseTestError("test_long_and_overflow",
            "expected return value LONG_MIN");
    if (overflow != 0)
        return raiseTestError("test_long_and_overflow",
            "overflow was not cleared");

    Py_RETURN_NONE;
}

/* Test the PyLong_AsLongLongAndOverflow API. General conversion to
   long long is tested by test_long_api_inner. This test will
   concentrate on proper handling of overflow.
*/

static PyObject *
test_long_long_and_overflow(PyObject *self, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
{
    PyObject *num, *one, *temp;
    long long value;
    int overflow;

    /* Test that overflow is set properly for a large value. */
    /* num is a number larger than PY_LLONG_MAX on a typical machine. */
    num = PyLong_FromString("FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF", NULL, 16);
    if (num == NULL)
        return NULL;
    overflow = 1234;
    value = PyLong_AsLongLongAndOverflow(num, &overflow);
    Py_DECREF(num);
    if (value == -1 && PyErr_Occurred())
        return NULL;
    if (value != -1)
        return raiseTestError("test_long_long_and_overflow",
            "return value was not set to -1");
    if (overflow != 1)
        return raiseTestError("test_long_long_and_overflow",
            "overflow was not set to 1");

    /* Same again, with num = PY_LLONG_MAX + 1 */
    num = PyLong_FromLongLong(PY_LLONG_MAX);
    if (num == NULL)
        return NULL;
    one = PyLong_FromLong(1L);
    if (one == NULL) {
        Py_DECREF(num);
        return NULL;
    }
    temp = PyNumber_Add(num, one);
    Py_DECREF(one);
    Py_DECREF(num);
    num = temp;
    if (num == NULL)
        return NULL;
    overflow = 0;
    value = PyLong_AsLongLongAndOverflow(num, &overflow);
    Py_DECREF(num);
    if (value == -1 && PyErr_Occurred())
        return NULL;
    if (value != -1)
        return raiseTestError("test_long_long_and_overflow",
            "return value was not set to -1");
    if (overflow != 1)
        return raiseTestError("test_long_long_and_overflow",
            "overflow was not set to 1");

    /* Test that overflow is set properly for a large negative value. */
    /* num is a number smaller than PY_LLONG_MIN on a typical platform */
    num = PyLong_FromString("-FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF", NULL, 16);
    if (num == NULL)
        return NULL;
    overflow = 1234;
    value = PyLong_AsLongLongAndOverflow(num, &overflow);
    Py_DECREF(num);
    if (value == -1 && PyErr_Occurred())
        return NULL;
    if (value != -1)
        return raiseTestError("test_long_long_and_overflow",
            "return value was not set to -1");
    if (overflow != -1)
        return raiseTestError("test_long_long_and_overflow",
            "overflow was not set to -1");

    /* Same again, with num = PY_LLONG_MIN - 1 */
    num = PyLong_FromLongLong(PY_LLONG_MIN);
    if (num == NULL)
        return NULL;
    one = PyLong_FromLong(1L);
    if (one == NULL) {
        Py_DECREF(num);
        return NULL;
    }
    temp = PyNumber_Subtract(num, one);
    Py_DECREF(one);
    Py_DECREF(num);
    num = temp;
    if (num == NULL)
        return NULL;
    overflow = 0;
    value = PyLong_AsLongLongAndOverflow(num, &overflow);
    Py_DECREF(num);
    if (value == -1 && PyErr_Occurred())
        return NULL;
    if (value != -1)
        return raiseTestError("test_long_long_and_overflow",
            "return value was not set to -1");
    if (overflow != -1)
        return raiseTestError("test_long_long_and_overflow",
            "overflow was not set to -1");

    /* Test that overflow is cleared properly for small values. */
    num = PyLong_FromString("FF", NULL, 16);
    if (num == NULL)
        return NULL;
    overflow = 1234;
    value = PyLong_AsLongLongAndOverflow(num, &overflow);
    Py_DECREF(num);
    if (value == -1 && PyErr_Occurred())
        return NULL;
    if (value != 0xFF)
        return raiseTestError("test_long_long_and_overflow",
            "expected return value 0xFF");
    if (overflow != 0)
        return raiseTestError("test_long_long_and_overflow",
            "overflow was not cleared");

    num = PyLong_FromString("-FF", NULL, 16);
    if (num == NULL)
        return NULL;
    overflow = 0;
    value = PyLong_AsLongLongAndOverflow(num, &overflow);
    Py_DECREF(num);
    if (value == -1 && PyErr_Occurred())
        return NULL;
    if (value != -0xFF)
        return raiseTestError("test_long_long_and_overflow",
            "expected return value 0xFF");
    if (overflow != 0)
        return raiseTestError("test_long_long_and_overflow",
            "overflow was set incorrectly");

    num = PyLong_FromLongLong(PY_LLONG_MAX);
    if (num == NULL)
        return NULL;
    overflow = 1234;
    value = PyLong_AsLongLongAndOverflow(num, &overflow);
    Py_DECREF(num);
    if (value == -1 && PyErr_Occurred())
        return NULL;
    if (value != PY_LLONG_MAX)
        return raiseTestError("test_long_long_and_overflow",
            "expected return value PY_LLONG_MAX");
    if (overflow != 0)
        return raiseTestError("test_long_long_and_overflow",
            "overflow was not cleared");

    num = PyLong_FromLongLong(PY_LLONG_MIN);
    if (num == NULL)
        return NULL;
    overflow = 0;
    value = PyLong_AsLongLongAndOverflow(num, &overflow);
    Py_DECREF(num);
    if (value == -1 && PyErr_Occurred())
        return NULL;
    if (value != PY_LLONG_MIN)
        return raiseTestError("test_long_long_and_overflow",
            "expected return value PY_LLONG_MIN");
    if (overflow != 0)
        return raiseTestError("test_long_long_and_overflow",
            "overflow was not cleared");

    Py_RETURN_NONE;
}

/* Test the PyLong_As{Size,Ssize}_t API. At present this just tests that
   non-integer arguments are handled correctly. It should be extended to
   test overflow handling.
 */

static PyObject *
test_long_as_size_t(PyObject *self, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
{
    size_t out_u;
    Py_ssize_t out_s;

    Py_INCREF(Py_None);

    out_u = PyLong_AsSize_t(Py_None);
    if (out_u != (size_t)-1 || !PyErr_Occurred())
        return raiseTestError("test_long_as_size_t",
                              "PyLong_AsSize_t(None) didn't complain");
    if (!PyErr_ExceptionMatches(PyExc_TypeError))
        return raiseTestError("test_long_as_size_t",
                              "PyLong_AsSize_t(None) raised "
                              "something other than TypeError");
    PyErr_Clear();

    out_s = PyLong_AsSsize_t(Py_None);
    if (out_s != (Py_ssize_t)-1 || !PyErr_Occurred())
        return raiseTestError("test_long_as_size_t",
                              "PyLong_AsSsize_t(None) didn't complain");
    if (!PyErr_ExceptionMatches(PyExc_TypeError))
        return raiseTestError("test_long_as_size_t",
                              "PyLong_AsSsize_t(None) raised "
                              "something other than TypeError");
    PyErr_Clear();

    /* Py_INCREF(Py_None) omitted - we already have a reference to it. */
    return Py_None;
}

static PyObject *
test_long_as_unsigned_long_long_mask(PyObject *self,
                                     PyObject *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
{
    unsigned long long res = PyLong_AsUnsignedLongLongMask(NULL);

    if (res != (unsigned long long)-1 || !PyErr_Occurred()) {
        return raiseTestError("test_long_as_unsigned_long_long_mask",
                              "PyLong_AsUnsignedLongLongMask(NULL) didn't "
                              "complain");
    }
    if (!PyErr_ExceptionMatches(PyExc_SystemError)) {
        return raiseTestError("test_long_as_unsigned_long_long_mask",
                              "PyLong_AsUnsignedLongLongMask(NULL) raised "
                              "something other than SystemError");
    }
    PyErr_Clear();
    Py_RETURN_NONE;
}

/* Test the PyLong_AsDouble API. At present this just tests that
   non-integer arguments are handled correctly.
 */

static PyObject *
test_long_as_double(PyObject *self, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
{
    double out;

    Py_INCREF(Py_None);

    out = PyLong_AsDouble(Py_None);
    if (out != -1.0 || !PyErr_Occurred())
        return raiseTestError("test_long_as_double",
                              "PyLong_AsDouble(None) didn't complain");
    if (!PyErr_ExceptionMatches(PyExc_TypeError))
        return raiseTestError("test_long_as_double",
                              "PyLong_AsDouble(None) raised "
                              "something other than TypeError");
    PyErr_Clear();

    /* Py_INCREF(Py_None) omitted - we already have a reference to it. */
    return Py_None;
}

/* Test the L code for PyArg_ParseTuple.  This should deliver a long long
   for both long and int arguments.  The test may leak a little memory if
   it fails.
*/
static PyObject *
test_L_code(PyObject *self, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
{
    PyObject *tuple, *num;
    long long value;

    tuple = PyTuple_New(1);
    if (tuple == NULL)
        return NULL;

    num = PyLong_FromLong(42);
    if (num == NULL)
        return NULL;

    PyTuple_SET_ITEM(tuple, 0, num);

    value = -1;
    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(tuple, "L:test_L_code", &value)) {
        return NULL;
    }
    if (value != 42)
        return raiseTestError("test_L_code",
            "L code returned wrong value for long 42");

    Py_DECREF(num);
    num = PyLong_FromLong(42);
    if (num == NULL)
        return NULL;

    PyTuple_SET_ITEM(tuple, 0, num);

    value = -1;
    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(tuple, "L:test_L_code", &value)) {
        return NULL;
    }
    if (value != 42)
        return raiseTestError("test_L_code",
            "L code returned wrong value for int 42");

    Py_DECREF(tuple);
    Py_RETURN_NONE;
}

static PyObject *
return_none(void *unused)
{
    Py_RETURN_NONE;
}

static PyObject *
raise_error(void *unused)
{
    PyErr_SetNone(PyExc_ValueError);
    return NULL;
}

static int
test_buildvalue_N_error(const char *fmt)
{
    PyObject *arg, *res;

    arg = PyList_New(0);
    if (arg == NULL) {
        return -1;
    }

    Py_INCREF(arg);
    res = Py_BuildValue(fmt, return_none, NULL, arg);
    if (res == NULL) {
        return -1;
    }
    Py_DECREF(res);
    if (Py_REFCNT(arg) != 1) {
        PyErr_Format(TestError, "test_buildvalue_N: "
                     "arg was not decrefed in successful "
                     "Py_BuildValue(\"%s\")", fmt);
        return -1;
    }

    Py_INCREF(arg);
    res = Py_BuildValue(fmt, raise_error, NULL, arg);
    if (res != NULL || !PyErr_Occurred()) {
        PyErr_Format(TestError, "test_buildvalue_N: "
                     "Py_BuildValue(\"%s\") didn't complain", fmt);
        return -1;
    }
    PyErr_Clear();
    if (Py_REFCNT(arg) != 1) {
        PyErr_Format(TestError, "test_buildvalue_N: "
                     "arg was not decrefed in failed "
                     "Py_BuildValue(\"%s\")", fmt);
        return -1;
    }
    Py_DECREF(arg);
    return 0;
}

static PyObject *
test_buildvalue_N(PyObject *self, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
{
    PyObject *arg, *res;

    arg = PyList_New(0);
    if (arg == NULL) {
        return NULL;
    }
    Py_INCREF(arg);
    res = Py_BuildValue("N", arg);
    if (res == NULL) {
        return NULL;
    }
    if (res != arg) {
        return raiseTestError("test_buildvalue_N",
                              "Py_BuildValue(\"N\") returned wrong result");
    }
    if (Py_REFCNT(arg) != 2) {
        return raiseTestError("test_buildvalue_N",
                              "arg was not decrefed in Py_BuildValue(\"N\")");
    }
    Py_DECREF(res);
    Py_DECREF(arg);

    if (test_buildvalue_N_error("O&N") < 0)
        return NULL;
    if (test_buildvalue_N_error("(O&N)") < 0)
        return NULL;
    if (test_buildvalue_N_error("[O&N]") < 0)
        return NULL;
    if (test_buildvalue_N_error("{O&N}") < 0)
        return NULL;
    if (test_buildvalue_N_error("{()O&(())N}") < 0)
        return NULL;

    Py_RETURN_NONE;
}


static PyObject *
get_args(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
{
    if (args == NULL) {
        args = Py_None;
    }
    Py_INCREF(args);
    return args;
}

static PyObject *
get_kwargs(PyObject *self, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwargs)
{
    if (kwargs == NULL) {
        kwargs = Py_None;
    }
    Py_INCREF(kwargs);
    return kwargs;
}

/* Test tuple argument processing */
static PyObject *
getargs_tuple(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
{
    int a, b, c;
    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "i(ii)", &a, &b, &c))
        return NULL;
    return Py_BuildValue("iii", a, b, c);
}

/* test PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords */
static PyObject *
getargs_keywords(PyObject *self, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwargs)
{
    static char *keywords[] = {"arg1","arg2","arg3","arg4","arg5", NULL};
    static const char fmt[] = "(ii)i|(i(ii))(iii)i";
    int int_args[10]={-1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1};

    if (!PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords(args, kwargs, fmt, keywords,
        &int_args[0], &int_args[1], &int_args[2], &int_args[3], &int_args[4],
        &int_args[5], &int_args[6], &int_args[7], &int_args[8], &int_args[9]))
        return NULL;
    return Py_BuildValue("iiiiiiiiii",
        int_args[0], int_args[1], int_args[2], int_args[3], int_args[4],
        int_args[5], int_args[6], int_args[7], int_args[8], int_args[9]);
}

/* test PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords keyword-only arguments */
static PyObject *
getargs_keyword_only(PyObject *self, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwargs)
{
    static char *keywords[] = {"required", "optional", "keyword_only", NULL};
    int required = -1;
    int optional = -1;
    int keyword_only = -1;

    if (!PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords(args, kwargs, "i|i$i", keywords,
                                     &required, &optional, &keyword_only))
        return NULL;
    return Py_BuildValue("iii", required, optional, keyword_only);
}

/* test PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords positional-only arguments */
static PyObject *
getargs_positional_only_and_keywords(PyObject *self, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwargs)
{
    static char *keywords[] = {"", "", "keyword", NULL};
    int required = -1;
    int optional = -1;
    int keyword = -1;

    if (!PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords(args, kwargs, "i|ii", keywords,
                                     &required, &optional, &keyword))
        return NULL;
    return Py_BuildValue("iii", required, optional, keyword);
}

/* Functions to call PyArg_ParseTuple with integer format codes,
   and return the result.
*/
static PyObject *
getargs_b(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
{
    unsigned char value;
    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "b", &value))
        return NULL;
    return PyLong_FromUnsignedLong((unsigned long)value);
}

static PyObject *
getargs_B(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
{
    unsigned char value;
    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "B", &value))
        return NULL;
    return PyLong_FromUnsignedLong((unsigned long)value);
}

static PyObject *
getargs_h(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
{
    short value;
    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "h", &value))
        return NULL;
    return PyLong_FromLong((long)value);
}

static PyObject *
getargs_H(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
{
    unsigned short value;
    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "H", &value))
        return NULL;
    return PyLong_FromUnsignedLong((unsigned long)value);
}

static PyObject *
getargs_I(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
{
    unsigned int value;
    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "I", &value))
        return NULL;
    return PyLong_FromUnsignedLong((unsigned long)value);
}

static PyObject *
getargs_k(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
{
    unsigned long value;
    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "k", &value))
        return NULL;
    return PyLong_FromUnsignedLong(value);
}

static PyObject *
getargs_i(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
{
    int value;
    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "i", &value))
        return NULL;
    return PyLong_FromLong((long)value);
}

static PyObject *
getargs_l(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
{
    long value;
    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "l", &value))
        return NULL;
    return PyLong_FromLong(value);
}

static PyObject *
getargs_n(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
{
    Py_ssize_t value;
    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "n", &value))
        return NULL;
    return PyLong_FromSsize_t(value);
}

static PyObject *
getargs_p(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
{
    int value;
    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "p", &value))
        return NULL;
    return PyLong_FromLong(value);
}

static PyObject *
getargs_L(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
{
    long long value;
    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "L", &value))
        return NULL;
    return PyLong_FromLongLong(value);
}

static PyObject *
getargs_K(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
{
    unsigned long long value;
    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "K", &value))
        return NULL;
    return PyLong_FromUnsignedLongLong(value);
}

/* This function not only tests the 'k' getargs code, but also the
   PyLong_AsUnsignedLongMask() function. */
static PyObject *
test_k_code(PyObject *self, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
{
    PyObject *tuple, *num;
    unsigned long value;

    tuple = PyTuple_New(1);
    if (tuple == NULL)
        return NULL;

    /* a number larger than ULONG_MAX even on 64-bit platforms */
    num = PyLong_FromString("FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF", NULL, 16);
    if (num == NULL)
        return NULL;

    value = PyLong_AsUnsignedLongMask(num);
    if (value != ULONG_MAX)
        return raiseTestError("test_k_code",
            "PyLong_AsUnsignedLongMask() returned wrong value for long 0xFFF...FFF");

    PyTuple_SET_ITEM(tuple, 0, num);

    value = 0;
    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(tuple, "k:test_k_code", &value)) {
        return NULL;
    }
    if (value != ULONG_MAX)
        return raiseTestError("test_k_code",
            "k code returned wrong value for long 0xFFF...FFF");

    Py_DECREF(num);
    num = PyLong_FromString("-FFFFFFFF000000000000000042", NULL, 16);
    if (num == NULL)
        return NULL;

    value = PyLong_AsUnsignedLongMask(num);
    if (value != (unsigned long)-0x42)
        return raiseTestError("test_k_code",
                              "PyLong_AsUnsignedLongMask() returned wrong "
                              "value for long -0xFFF..000042");

    PyTuple_SET_ITEM(tuple, 0, num);

    value = 0;
    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(tuple, "k:test_k_code", &value)) {
        return NULL;
    }
    if (value != (unsigned long)-0x42)
        return raiseTestError("test_k_code",
            "k code returned wrong value for long -0xFFF..000042");

    Py_DECREF(tuple);
    Py_RETURN_NONE;
}

static PyObject *
getargs_f(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
{
    float f;
    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "f", &f))
        return NULL;
    return PyFloat_FromDouble(f);
}

static PyObject *
getargs_d(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
{
    double d;
    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "d", &d))
        return NULL;
    return PyFloat_FromDouble(d);
}

static PyObject *
getargs_D(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
{
    Py_complex cval;
    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "D", &cval))
        return NULL;
    return PyComplex_FromCComplex(cval);
}

static PyObject *
getargs_S(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
{
    PyObject *obj;
    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "S", &obj))
        return NULL;
    Py_INCREF(obj);
    return obj;
}

static PyObject *
getargs_Y(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
{
    PyObject *obj;
    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "Y", &obj))
        return NULL;
    Py_INCREF(obj);
    return obj;
}

static PyObject *
getargs_U(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
{
    PyObject *obj;
    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "U", &obj))
        return NULL;
    Py_INCREF(obj);
    return obj;
}

static PyObject *
getargs_c(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
{
    char c;
    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "c", &c))
        return NULL;
    return PyLong_FromLong((unsigned char)c);
}

static PyObject *
getargs_C(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
{
    int c;
    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "C", &c))
        return NULL;
    return PyLong_FromLong(c);
}

static PyObject *
getargs_s(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
{
    char *str;
    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "s", &str))
        return NULL;
    return PyBytes_FromString(str);
}

static PyObject *
getargs_s_star(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
{
    Py_buffer buffer;
    PyObject *bytes;
    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "s*", &buffer))
        return NULL;
    bytes = PyBytes_FromStringAndSize(buffer.buf, buffer.len);
    PyBuffer_Release(&buffer);
    return bytes;
}

static PyObject *
getargs_s_hash(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
{
    char *str;
    Py_ssize_t size;
    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "s#", &str, &size))
        return NULL;
    return PyBytes_FromStringAndSize(str, size);
}

static PyObject *
getargs_z(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
{
    char *str;
    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "z", &str))
        return NULL;
    if (str != NULL)
        return PyBytes_FromString(str);
    else
        Py_RETURN_NONE;
}

static PyObject *
getargs_z_star(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
{
    Py_buffer buffer;
    PyObject *bytes;
    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "z*", &buffer))
        return NULL;
    if (buffer.buf != NULL)
        bytes = PyBytes_FromStringAndSize(buffer.buf, buffer.len);
    else {
        Py_INCREF(Py_None);
        bytes = Py_None;
    }
    PyBuffer_Release(&buffer);
    return bytes;
}

static PyObject *
getargs_z_hash(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
{
    char *str;
    Py_ssize_t size;
    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "z#", &str, &size))
        return NULL;
    if (str != NULL)
        return PyBytes_FromStringAndSize(str, size);
    else
        Py_RETURN_NONE;
}

static PyObject *
getargs_y(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
{
    char *str;
    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "y", &str))
        return NULL;
    return PyBytes_FromString(str);
}

static PyObject *
getargs_y_star(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
{
    Py_buffer buffer;
    PyObject *bytes;
    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "y*", &buffer))
        return NULL;
    bytes = PyBytes_FromStringAndSize(buffer.buf, buffer.len);
    PyBuffer_Release(&buffer);
    return bytes;
}

static PyObject *
getargs_y_hash(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
{
    char *str;
    Py_ssize_t size;
    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "y#", &str, &size))
        return NULL;
    return PyBytes_FromStringAndSize(str, size);
}

static PyObject *
getargs_u(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
{
    Py_UNICODE *str;
    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "u", &str))
        return NULL;
    return PyUnicode_FromWideChar(str, -1);
}

static PyObject *
getargs_u_hash(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
{
    Py_UNICODE *str;
    Py_ssize_t size;
    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "u#", &str, &size))
        return NULL;
    return PyUnicode_FromWideChar(str, size);
}

static PyObject *
getargs_Z(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
{
    Py_UNICODE *str;
    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "Z", &str))
        return NULL;
    if (str != NULL) {
        return PyUnicode_FromWideChar(str, -1);
    } else
        Py_RETURN_NONE;
}

static PyObject *
getargs_Z_hash(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
{
    Py_UNICODE *str;
    Py_ssize_t size;
    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "Z#", &str, &size))
        return NULL;
    if (str != NULL)
        return PyUnicode_FromWideChar(str, size);
    else
        Py_RETURN_NONE;
}

static PyObject *
getargs_es(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
{
    PyObject *arg, *result;
    const char *encoding = NULL;
    char *str;

    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "O|s", &arg, &encoding))
        return NULL;
    if (!PyArg_Parse(arg, "es", encoding, &str))
        return NULL;
    result = PyBytes_FromString(str);
    PyMem_Free(str);
    return result;
}

static PyObject *
getargs_et(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
{
    PyObject *arg, *result;
    const char *encoding = NULL;
    char *str;

    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "O|s", &arg, &encoding))
        return NULL;
    if (!PyArg_Parse(arg, "et", encoding, &str))
        return NULL;
    result = PyBytes_FromString(str);
    PyMem_Free(str);
    return result;
}

static PyObject *
getargs_es_hash(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
{
    PyObject *arg, *result;
    const char *encoding = NULL;
    PyByteArrayObject *buffer = NULL;
    char *str = NULL;
    Py_ssize_t size;

    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "O|sY", &arg, &encoding, &buffer))
        return NULL;
    if (buffer != NULL) {
        str = PyByteArray_AS_STRING(buffer);
        size = PyByteArray_GET_SIZE(buffer);
    }
    if (!PyArg_Parse(arg, "es#", encoding, &str, &size))
        return NULL;
    result = PyBytes_FromStringAndSize(str, size);
    if (buffer == NULL)
        PyMem_Free(str);
    return result;
}

static PyObject *
getargs_et_hash(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
{
    PyObject *arg, *result;
    const char *encoding = NULL;
    PyByteArrayObject *buffer = NULL;
    char *str = NULL;
    Py_ssize_t size;

    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "O|sY", &arg, &encoding, &buffer))
        return NULL;
    if (buffer != NULL) {
        str = PyByteArray_AS_STRING(buffer);
        size = PyByteArray_GET_SIZE(buffer);
    }
    if (!PyArg_Parse(arg, "et#", encoding, &str, &size))
        return NULL;
    result = PyBytes_FromStringAndSize(str, size);
    if (buffer == NULL)
        PyMem_Free(str);
    return result;
}

/* Test the s and z codes for PyArg_ParseTuple.
*/
static PyObject *
test_s_code(PyObject *self, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
{
    /* Unicode strings should be accepted */
    PyObject *tuple, *obj;
    char *value;

    tuple = PyTuple_New(1);
    if (tuple == NULL)
    return NULL;

    obj = PyUnicode_Decode("t\xeate", strlen("t\xeate"),
                           "latin-1", NULL);
    if (obj == NULL)
    return NULL;

    PyTuple_SET_ITEM(tuple, 0, obj);

    /* These two blocks used to raise a TypeError:
     * "argument must be string without null bytes, not str"
     */
    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(tuple, "s:test_s_code1", &value)) {
        return NULL;
    }

    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(tuple, "z:test_s_code2", &value)) {
        return NULL;
    }

    Py_DECREF(tuple);
    Py_RETURN_NONE;
}

static PyObject *
parse_tuple_and_keywords(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
{
    PyObject *sub_args;
    PyObject *sub_kwargs;
    const char *sub_format;
    PyObject *sub_keywords;

    Py_ssize_t i, size;
    char *keywords[8 + 1]; /* space for NULL at end */
    PyObject *o;
    PyObject *converted[8];

    int result;
    PyObject *return_value = NULL;

    double buffers[8][4]; /* double ensures alignment where necessary */

    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "OOsO:parse_tuple_and_keywords",
        &sub_args, &sub_kwargs,
        &sub_format, &sub_keywords))
        return NULL;

    if (!(PyList_CheckExact(sub_keywords) || PyTuple_CheckExact(sub_keywords))) {
        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError,
            "parse_tuple_and_keywords: sub_keywords must be either list or tuple");
        return NULL;
    }

    memset(buffers, 0, sizeof(buffers));
    memset(converted, 0, sizeof(converted));
    memset(keywords, 0, sizeof(keywords));

    size = PySequence_Fast_GET_SIZE(sub_keywords);
    if (size > 8) {
        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError,
            "parse_tuple_and_keywords: too many keywords in sub_keywords");
        goto exit;
    }

    for (i = 0; i < size; i++) {
        o = PySequence_Fast_GET_ITEM(sub_keywords, i);
        if (!PyUnicode_FSConverter(o, (void *)(converted + i))) {
            PyErr_Format(PyExc_ValueError,
                "parse_tuple_and_keywords: could not convert keywords[%zd] to narrow string", i);
            goto exit;
        }
        keywords[i] = PyBytes_AS_STRING(converted[i]);
    }

    result = PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords(sub_args, sub_kwargs,
        sub_format, keywords,
        buffers + 0, buffers + 1, buffers + 2, buffers + 3,
        buffers + 4, buffers + 5, buffers + 6, buffers + 7);

    if (result) {
        return_value = Py_None;
        Py_INCREF(Py_None);
    }

exit:
    size = sizeof(converted) / sizeof(converted[0]);
    for (i = 0; i < size; i++) {
        Py_XDECREF(converted[i]);
    }
    return return_value;
}

static volatile int x;

/* Test the u and u# codes for PyArg_ParseTuple. May leak memory in case
   of an error.
*/
static PyObject *
test_u_code(PyObject *self, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
{
    PyObject *tuple, *obj;
    Py_UNICODE *value;
    Py_ssize_t len;

    /* issue4122: Undefined reference to _Py_ascii_whitespace on Windows */
    /* Just use the macro and check that it compiles */
    x = Py_UNICODE_ISSPACE(25);

    tuple = PyTuple_New(1);
    if (tuple == NULL)
        return NULL;

    obj = PyUnicode_Decode("test", strlen("test"),
                           "ascii", NULL);
    if (obj == NULL)
        return NULL;

    PyTuple_SET_ITEM(tuple, 0, obj);

    value = 0;
    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(tuple, "u:test_u_code", &value)) {
        return NULL;
    }
    if (value != PyUnicode_AS_UNICODE(obj))
        return raiseTestError("test_u_code",
            "u code returned wrong value for u'test'");
    value = 0;
    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(tuple, "u#:test_u_code", &value, &len)) {
        return NULL;
    }
    if (value != PyUnicode_AS_UNICODE(obj) ||
        len != PyUnicode_GET_SIZE(obj))
        return raiseTestError("test_u_code",
            "u# code returned wrong values for u'test'");

    Py_DECREF(tuple);
    Py_RETURN_NONE;
}

/* Test Z and Z# codes for PyArg_ParseTuple */
static PyObject *
test_Z_code(PyObject *self, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
{
    PyObject *tuple, *obj;
    const Py_UNICODE *value1, *value2;
    Py_ssize_t len1, len2;

    tuple = PyTuple_New(2);
    if (tuple == NULL)
        return NULL;

    obj = PyUnicode_FromString("test");
    PyTuple_SET_ITEM(tuple, 0, obj);
    Py_INCREF(Py_None);
    PyTuple_SET_ITEM(tuple, 1, Py_None);

    /* swap values on purpose */
    value1 = NULL;
    value2 = PyUnicode_AS_UNICODE(obj);

    /* Test Z for both values */
    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(tuple, "ZZ:test_Z_code", &value1, &value2)) {
        return NULL;
    }
    if (value1 != PyUnicode_AS_UNICODE(obj))
        return raiseTestError("test_Z_code",
            "Z code returned wrong value for 'test'");
    if (value2 != NULL)
        return raiseTestError("test_Z_code",
            "Z code returned wrong value for None");

    value1 = NULL;
    value2 = PyUnicode_AS_UNICODE(obj);
    len1 = -1;
    len2 = -1;

    /* Test Z# for both values */
    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(tuple, "Z#Z#:test_Z_code", &value1, &len1,
                          &value2, &len2))
    {
        return NULL;
    }
    if (value1 != PyUnicode_AS_UNICODE(obj) ||
        len1 != PyUnicode_GET_SIZE(obj))
        return raiseTestError("test_Z_code",
            "Z# code returned wrong values for 'test'");
    if (value2 != NULL ||
        len2 != 0)
        return raiseTestError("test_Z_code",
            "Z# code returned wrong values for None'");

    Py_DECREF(tuple);
    Py_RETURN_NONE;
}

static PyObject *
test_widechar(PyObject *self, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
{
#if defined(SIZEOF_WCHAR_T) && (SIZEOF_WCHAR_T == 4)
    const wchar_t wtext[2] = {(wchar_t)0x10ABCDu};
    size_t wtextlen = 1;
    const wchar_t invalid[1] = {(wchar_t)0x110000u};
#else
    const wchar_t wtext[3] = {(wchar_t)0xDBEAu, (wchar_t)0xDFCDu};
    size_t wtextlen = 2;
#endif
    PyObject *wide, *utf8;

    wide = PyUnicode_FromWideChar(wtext, wtextlen);
    if (wide == NULL)
        return NULL;

    utf8 = PyUnicode_FromString("\xf4\x8a\xaf\x8d");
    if (utf8 == NULL) {
        Py_DECREF(wide);
        return NULL;
    }

    if (PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(wide) != PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(utf8)) {
        Py_DECREF(wide);
        Py_DECREF(utf8);
        return raiseTestError("test_widechar",
                              "wide string and utf8 string "
                              "have different length");
    }
    if (PyUnicode_Compare(wide, utf8)) {
        Py_DECREF(wide);
        Py_DECREF(utf8);
        if (PyErr_Occurred())
            return NULL;
        return raiseTestError("test_widechar",
                              "wide string and utf8 string "
                              "are different");
    }

    Py_DECREF(wide);
    Py_DECREF(utf8);

#if defined(SIZEOF_WCHAR_T) && (SIZEOF_WCHAR_T == 4)
    wide = PyUnicode_FromWideChar(invalid, 1);
    if (wide == NULL)
        PyErr_Clear();
    else
        return raiseTestError("test_widechar",
                              "PyUnicode_FromWideChar(L\"\\U00110000\", 1) didn't fail");

    wide = PyUnicode_FromUnicode(invalid, 1);
    if (wide == NULL)
        PyErr_Clear();
    else
        return raiseTestError("test_widechar",
                              "PyUnicode_FromUnicode(L\"\\U00110000\", 1) didn't fail");

    wide = PyUnicode_FromUnicode(NULL, 1);
    if (wide == NULL)
        return NULL;
    PyUnicode_AS_UNICODE(wide)[0] = invalid[0];
    if (_PyUnicode_Ready(wide) < 0) {
        Py_DECREF(wide);
        PyErr_Clear();
    }
    else {
        Py_DECREF(wide);
        return raiseTestError("test_widechar",
                              "PyUnicode_Ready() didn't fail");
    }
#endif

    Py_RETURN_NONE;
}

static PyObject *
unicode_aswidechar(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
{
    PyObject *unicode, *result;
    Py_ssize_t buflen, size;
    wchar_t *buffer;

    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "Un", &unicode, &buflen))
        return NULL;
    buffer = PyMem_New(wchar_t, buflen);
    if (buffer == NULL)
        return PyErr_NoMemory();

    size = PyUnicode_AsWideChar(unicode, buffer, buflen);
    if (size == -1) {
        PyMem_Free(buffer);
        return NULL;
    }

    if (size < buflen)
        buflen = size + 1;
    else
        buflen = size;
    result = PyUnicode_FromWideChar(buffer, buflen);
    PyMem_Free(buffer);
    if (result == NULL)
        return NULL;

    return Py_BuildValue("(Nn)", result, size);
}

static PyObject *
unicode_aswidecharstring(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
{
    PyObject *unicode, *result;
    Py_ssize_t size;
    wchar_t *buffer;

    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "U", &unicode))
        return NULL;

    buffer = PyUnicode_AsWideCharString(unicode, &size);
    if (buffer == NULL)
        return NULL;

    result = PyUnicode_FromWideChar(buffer, size + 1);
    PyMem_Free(buffer);
    if (result == NULL)
        return NULL;
    return Py_BuildValue("(Nn)", result, size);
}

static PyObject *
unicode_asucs4(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
{
    PyObject *unicode, *result;
    Py_UCS4 *buffer;
    int copy_null;
    Py_ssize_t str_len, buf_len;

    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "Unp:unicode_asucs4", &unicode, &str_len, &copy_null)) {
        return NULL;
    }

    buf_len = str_len + 1;
    buffer = PyMem_NEW(Py_UCS4, buf_len);
    if (buffer == NULL) {
        return PyErr_NoMemory();
    }
    memset(buffer, 0, sizeof(Py_UCS4)*buf_len);
    buffer[str_len] = 0xffffU;

    if (!PyUnicode_AsUCS4(unicode, buffer, buf_len, copy_null)) {
        PyMem_FREE(buffer);
        return NULL;
    }

    result = PyUnicode_FromKindAndData(PyUnicode_4BYTE_KIND, buffer, buf_len);
    PyMem_FREE(buffer);
    return result;
}

static PyObject *
unicode_findchar(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
{
    PyObject *str;
    int direction;
    unsigned int ch;
    Py_ssize_t result;
    Py_ssize_t start, end;

    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "UInni:unicode_findchar", &str, &ch,
                          &start, &end, &direction)) {
        return NULL;
    }

    result = PyUnicode_FindChar(str, (Py_UCS4)ch, start, end, direction);
    if (result == -2)
        return NULL;
    else
        return PyLong_FromSsize_t(result);
}

static PyObject *
unicode_copycharacters(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
{
    PyObject *from, *to, *to_copy;
    Py_ssize_t from_start, to_start, how_many, copied;

    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "UnOnn:unicode_copycharacters", &to, &to_start,
                          &from, &from_start, &how_many)) {
        return NULL;
    }

    if (!(to_copy = PyUnicode_New(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(to),
                                  PyUnicode_MAX_CHAR_VALUE(to)))) {
        return NULL;
    }
    if (PyUnicode_Fill(to_copy, 0, PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(to_copy), 0U) < 0) {
        Py_DECREF(to_copy);
        return NULL;
    }

    if ((copied = PyUnicode_CopyCharacters(to_copy, to_start, from,
                                           from_start, how_many)) < 0) {
        Py_DECREF(to_copy);
        return NULL;
    }

    return Py_BuildValue("(Nn)", to_copy, copied);
}

static PyObject *
unicode_encodedecimal(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
{
    Py_UNICODE *unicode;
    Py_ssize_t length;
    char *errors = NULL;
    PyObject *decimal;
    Py_ssize_t decimal_length, new_length;
    int res;

    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "u#|s", &unicode, &length, &errors))
        return NULL;

    decimal_length = length * 7; /* len('&#8364;') */
    decimal = PyBytes_FromStringAndSize(NULL, decimal_length);
    if (decimal == NULL)
        return NULL;

    res = PyUnicode_EncodeDecimal(unicode, length,
                                  PyBytes_AS_STRING(decimal),
                                  errors);
    if (res < 0) {
        Py_DECREF(decimal);
        return NULL;
    }

    new_length = strlen(PyBytes_AS_STRING(decimal));
    assert(new_length <= decimal_length);
    res = _PyBytes_Resize(&decimal, new_length);
    if (res < 0)
        return NULL;

    return decimal;
}

static PyObject *
unicode_transformdecimaltoascii(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
{
    Py_UNICODE *unicode;
    Py_ssize_t length;
    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "u#|s", &unicode, &length))
        return NULL;
    return PyUnicode_TransformDecimalToASCII(unicode, length);
}

static PyObject *
unicode_legacy_string(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
{
    Py_UNICODE *data;
    Py_ssize_t len;
    PyObject *u;

    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "u#", &data, &len))
        return NULL;

    u = PyUnicode_FromUnicode(NULL, len);
    if (u == NULL)
        return NULL;

    memcpy(PyUnicode_AS_UNICODE(u), data, len * sizeof(Py_UNICODE));

    if (len > 0) { /* The empty string is always ready. */
        assert(!PyUnicode_IS_READY(u));
    }

    return u;
}

static PyObject *
getargs_w_star(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
{
    Py_buffer buffer;
    PyObject *result;
    char *str;

    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "w*:getargs_w_star", &buffer))
        return NULL;

    if (2 <= buffer.len) {
        str = buffer.buf;
        str[0] = '[';
        str[buffer.len-1] = ']';
    }

    result = PyBytes_FromStringAndSize(buffer.buf, buffer.len);
    PyBuffer_Release(&buffer);
    return result;
}


static PyObject *
test_empty_argparse(PyObject *self, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
{
    /* Test that formats can begin with '|'. See issue #4720. */
    PyObject *tuple, *dict = NULL;
    static char *kwlist[] = {NULL};
    int result;
    tuple = PyTuple_New(0);
    if (!tuple)
        return NULL;
    if (!(result = PyArg_ParseTuple(tuple, "|:test_empty_argparse"))) {
        goto done;
    }
    dict = PyDict_New();
    if (!dict)
        goto done;
    result = PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords(tuple, dict, "|:test_empty_argparse", kwlist);
  done:
    Py_DECREF(tuple);
    Py_XDECREF(dict);
    if (!result) {
        return NULL;
    }
    else {
        Py_RETURN_NONE;
    }
}

static PyObject *
codec_incrementalencoder(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
{
    const char *encoding, *errors = NULL;
    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "s|s:test_incrementalencoder",
                          &encoding, &errors))
        return NULL;
    return PyCodec_IncrementalEncoder(encoding, errors);
}

static PyObject *
codec_incrementaldecoder(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
{
    const char *encoding, *errors = NULL;
    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "s|s:test_incrementaldecoder",
                          &encoding, &errors))
        return NULL;
    return PyCodec_IncrementalDecoder(encoding, errors);
}


/* Simple test of _PyLong_NumBits and _PyLong_Sign. */
static PyObject *
test_long_numbits(PyObject *self, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
{
    struct triple {
        long input;
        size_t nbits;
        int sign;
    } testcases[] = {{0, 0, 0},
                     {1L, 1, 1},
                     {-1L, 1, -1},
                     {2L, 2, 1},
                     {-2L, 2, -1},
                     {3L, 2, 1},
                     {-3L, 2, -1},
                     {4L, 3, 1},
                     {-4L, 3, -1},
                     {0x7fffL, 15, 1},          /* one Python int digit */
             {-0x7fffL, 15, -1},
             {0xffffL, 16, 1},
             {-0xffffL, 16, -1},
             {0xfffffffL, 28, 1},
             {-0xfffffffL, 28, -1}};
    size_t i;

    for (i = 0; i < Py_ARRAY_LENGTH(testcases); ++i) {
        size_t nbits;
        int sign;
        PyObject *plong;

        plong = PyLong_FromLong(testcases[i].input);
        if (plong == NULL)
            return NULL;
        nbits = _PyLong_NumBits(plong);
        sign = _PyLong_Sign(plong);

        Py_DECREF(plong);
        if (nbits != testcases[i].nbits)
            return raiseTestError("test_long_numbits",
                            "wrong result for _PyLong_NumBits");
        if (sign != testcases[i].sign)
            return raiseTestError("test_long_numbits",
                            "wrong result for _PyLong_Sign");
    }
    Py_RETURN_NONE;
}

/* Example passing NULLs to PyObject_Str(NULL). */

static PyObject *
test_null_strings(PyObject *self, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
{
    PyObject *o1 = PyObject_Str(NULL), *o2 = PyObject_Str(NULL);
    PyObject *tuple = PyTuple_Pack(2, o1, o2);
    Py_XDECREF(o1);
    Py_XDECREF(o2);
    return tuple;
}

static PyObject *
raise_exception(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
{
    PyObject *exc;
    PyObject *exc_args, *v;
    int num_args, i;

    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "Oi:raise_exception",
                          &exc, &num_args))
        return NULL;

    exc_args = PyTuple_New(num_args);
    if (exc_args == NULL)
        return NULL;
    for (i = 0; i < num_args; ++i) {
        v = PyLong_FromLong(i);
        if (v == NULL) {
            Py_DECREF(exc_args);
            return NULL;
        }
        PyTuple_SET_ITEM(exc_args, i, v);
    }
    PyErr_SetObject(exc, exc_args);
    Py_DECREF(exc_args);
    return NULL;
}

static PyObject *
set_errno(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
{
    int new_errno;

    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "i:set_errno", &new_errno))
        return NULL;

    errno = new_errno;
    Py_RETURN_NONE;
}

static PyObject *
test_set_exc_info(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
{
    PyObject *orig_exc;
    PyObject *new_type, *new_value, *new_tb;
    PyObject *type, *value, *tb;
    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "OOO:test_set_exc_info",
                          &new_type, &new_value, &new_tb))
        return NULL;

    PyErr_GetExcInfo(&type, &value, &tb);

    Py_INCREF(new_type);
    Py_INCREF(new_value);
    Py_INCREF(new_tb);
    PyErr_SetExcInfo(new_type, new_value, new_tb);

    orig_exc = PyTuple_Pack(3, type ? type : Py_None, value ? value : Py_None, tb ? tb : Py_None);
    Py_XDECREF(type);
    Py_XDECREF(value);
    Py_XDECREF(tb);
    return orig_exc;
}

static int test_run_counter = 0;

static PyObject *
test_datetime_capi(PyObject *self, PyObject *args) {
    if (PyDateTimeAPI) {
        if (test_run_counter) {
            /* Probably regrtest.py -R */
            Py_RETURN_NONE;
        }
        else {
            PyErr_SetString(PyExc_AssertionError,
                            "PyDateTime_CAPI somehow initialized");
            return NULL;
        }
    }
    test_run_counter++;
    PyDateTime_IMPORT;

    if (PyDateTimeAPI)
        Py_RETURN_NONE;
    else
        return NULL;
}

/* Functions exposing the C API type checking for testing */
#define MAKE_DATETIME_CHECK_FUNC(check_method, exact_method)    \
    PyObject *obj;                                              \
    int exact = 0;                                              \
    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "O|p", &obj, &exact)) {         \
        return NULL;                                            \
    }                                                           \
    int rv = exact?exact_method(obj):check_method(obj);         \
    if (rv) {                                                   \
        Py_RETURN_TRUE;                                         \
    } else {                                                    \
        Py_RETURN_FALSE;                                        \
    }

static PyObject *
datetime_check_date(PyObject *self, PyObject *args) {
    MAKE_DATETIME_CHECK_FUNC(PyDate_Check, PyDate_CheckExact)
}

static PyObject *
datetime_check_time(PyObject *self, PyObject *args) {
    MAKE_DATETIME_CHECK_FUNC(PyTime_Check, PyTime_CheckExact)
}

static PyObject *
datetime_check_datetime(PyObject *self, PyObject *args) {
    MAKE_DATETIME_CHECK_FUNC(PyDateTime_Check, PyDateTime_CheckExact)
}

static PyObject *
datetime_check_delta(PyObject *self, PyObject *args) {
    MAKE_DATETIME_CHECK_FUNC(PyDelta_Check, PyDelta_CheckExact)
}

static PyObject *
datetime_check_tzinfo(PyObject *self, PyObject *args) {
    MAKE_DATETIME_CHECK_FUNC(PyTZInfo_Check, PyTZInfo_CheckExact)
}


/* Makes three variations on timezone representing UTC-5:
   1. timezone with offset and name from PyDateTimeAPI
   2. timezone with offset and name from PyTimeZone_FromOffsetAndName
   3. timezone with offset (no name) from PyTimeZone_FromOffset
*/
static PyObject *
make_timezones_capi(PyObject *self, PyObject *args) {
    PyObject *offset = PyDelta_FromDSU(0, -18000, 0);
    PyObject *name = PyUnicode_FromString("EST");

    PyObject *est_zone_capi = PyDateTimeAPI->TimeZone_FromTimeZone(offset, name);
    PyObject *est_zone_macro = PyTimeZone_FromOffsetAndName(offset, name);
    PyObject *est_zone_macro_noname = PyTimeZone_FromOffset(offset);

    Py_DecRef(offset);
    Py_DecRef(name);

    PyObject *rv = PyTuple_New(3);

    PyTuple_SET_ITEM(rv, 0, est_zone_capi);
    PyTuple_SET_ITEM(rv, 1, est_zone_macro);
    PyTuple_SET_ITEM(rv, 2, est_zone_macro_noname);

    return rv;
}

static PyObject *
get_timezones_offset_zero(PyObject *self, PyObject *args) {
    PyObject *offset = PyDelta_FromDSU(0, 0, 0);
    PyObject *name = PyUnicode_FromString("");

    // These two should return the UTC singleton
    PyObject *utc_singleton_0 = PyTimeZone_FromOffset(offset);
    PyObject *utc_singleton_1 = PyTimeZone_FromOffsetAndName(offset, NULL);

    // This one will return +00:00 zone, but not the UTC singleton
    PyObject *non_utc_zone = PyTimeZone_FromOffsetAndName(offset, name);

    Py_DecRef(offset);
    Py_DecRef(name);

    PyObject *rv = PyTuple_New(3);
    PyTuple_SET_ITEM(rv, 0, utc_singleton_0);
    PyTuple_SET_ITEM(rv, 1, utc_singleton_1);
    PyTuple_SET_ITEM(rv, 2, non_utc_zone);

    return rv;
}

static PyObject *
get_timezone_utc_capi(PyObject* self, PyObject *args) {
    int macro = 0;
    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "|p", &macro)) {
        return NULL;
    }
    if (macro) {
        Py_INCREF(PyDateTime_TimeZone_UTC);
        return PyDateTime_TimeZone_UTC;
    } else {
        Py_INCREF(PyDateTimeAPI->TimeZone_UTC);
        return PyDateTimeAPI->TimeZone_UTC;
    }
}

static PyObject *
get_date_fromdate(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
{
    PyObject *rv = NULL;
    int macro;
    int year, month, day;

    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "piii", &macro, &year, &month, &day)) {
        return NULL;
    }

    if (macro) {
        rv = PyDate_FromDate(year, month, day);
    }
    else {
        rv = PyDateTimeAPI->Date_FromDate(
            year, month, day,
            PyDateTimeAPI->DateType);
    }
    return rv;
}

static PyObject *
get_datetime_fromdateandtime(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
{
    PyObject *rv = NULL;
    int macro;
    int year, month, day;
    int hour, minute, second, microsecond;

    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "piiiiiii",
                          &macro,
                          &year, &month, &day,
                          &hour, &minute, &second, &microsecond)) {
        return NULL;
    }

    if (macro) {
        rv = PyDateTime_FromDateAndTime(
            year, month, day,
            hour, minute, second, microsecond);
    }
    else {
        rv = PyDateTimeAPI->DateTime_FromDateAndTime(
            year, month, day,
            hour, minute, second, microsecond,
            Py_None,
            PyDateTimeAPI->DateTimeType);
    }
    return rv;
}

static PyObject *
get_datetime_fromdateandtimeandfold(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
{
    PyObject *rv = NULL;
    int macro;
    int year, month, day;
    int hour, minute, second, microsecond, fold;

    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "piiiiiiii",
                          &macro,
                          &year, &month, &day,
                          &hour, &minute, &second, &microsecond,
                          &fold)) {
        return NULL;
    }

    if (macro) {
        rv = PyDateTime_FromDateAndTimeAndFold(
            year, month, day,
            hour, minute, second, microsecond,
            fold);
    }
    else {
        rv = PyDateTimeAPI->DateTime_FromDateAndTimeAndFold(
            year, month, day,
            hour, minute, second, microsecond,
            Py_None,
            fold,
            PyDateTimeAPI->DateTimeType);
    }
    return rv;
}

static PyObject *
get_time_fromtime(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
{
    PyObject *rv = NULL;
    int macro;
    int hour, minute, second, microsecond;

    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "piiii",
                          &macro,
                          &hour, &minute, &second, &microsecond)) {
        return NULL;
    }

    if (macro) {
        rv = PyTime_FromTime(hour, minute, second, microsecond);
    }
    else {
        rv = PyDateTimeAPI->Time_FromTime(
            hour, minute, second, microsecond,
            Py_None,
            PyDateTimeAPI->TimeType);
    }
    return rv;
}

static PyObject *
get_time_fromtimeandfold(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
{
    PyObject *rv = NULL;
    int macro;
    int hour, minute, second, microsecond, fold;

    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "piiiii",
                          &macro,
                          &hour, &minute, &second, &microsecond,
                          &fold)) {
        return NULL;
    }

    if (macro) {
        rv = PyTime_FromTimeAndFold(hour, minute, second, microsecond, fold);
    }
    else {
        rv = PyDateTimeAPI->Time_FromTimeAndFold(
            hour, minute, second, microsecond,
            Py_None,
            fold,
            PyDateTimeAPI->TimeType);
    }
    return rv;
}

static PyObject *
get_delta_fromdsu(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
{
    PyObject *rv = NULL;
    int macro;
    int days, seconds, microseconds;

    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "piii",
                          &macro,
                          &days, &seconds, &microseconds)) {
        return NULL;
    }

    if (macro) {
        rv = PyDelta_FromDSU(days, seconds, microseconds);
    }
    else {
        rv = PyDateTimeAPI->Delta_FromDelta(
            days, seconds, microseconds, 1,
            PyDateTimeAPI->DeltaType);
    }

    return rv;
}

static PyObject *
get_date_fromtimestamp(PyObject* self, PyObject *args)
{
    PyObject *tsargs = NULL, *ts = NULL, *rv = NULL;
    int macro = 0;

    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "O|p", &ts, &macro)) {
        return NULL;
    }

    // Construct the argument tuple
    if ((tsargs = PyTuple_Pack(1, ts)) == NULL) {
        return NULL;
    }

    // Pass along to the API function
    if (macro) {
        rv = PyDate_FromTimestamp(tsargs);
    }
    else {
        rv = PyDateTimeAPI->Date_FromTimestamp(
                (PyObject *)PyDateTimeAPI->DateType, tsargs
        );
    }

    Py_DECREF(tsargs);
    return rv;
}

static PyObject *
get_datetime_fromtimestamp(PyObject* self, PyObject *args)
{
    int macro = 0;
    int usetz = 0;
    PyObject *tsargs = NULL, *ts = NULL, *tzinfo = Py_None, *rv = NULL;
    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "OO|pp", &ts, &tzinfo, &usetz, &macro)) {
        return NULL;
    }

    // Construct the argument tuple
    if (usetz) {
        tsargs = PyTuple_Pack(2, ts, tzinfo);
    }
    else {
        tsargs = PyTuple_Pack(1, ts);
    }

    if (tsargs == NULL) {
        return NULL;
    }

    // Pass along to the API function
    if (macro) {
        rv = PyDateTime_FromTimestamp(tsargs);
    }
    else {
        rv = PyDateTimeAPI->DateTime_FromTimestamp(
                (PyObject *)PyDateTimeAPI->DateTimeType, tsargs, NULL
        );
    }

    Py_DECREF(tsargs);
    return rv;
}


/* test_thread_state spawns a thread of its own, and that thread releases
 * `thread_done` when it's finished.  The driver code has to know when the
 * thread finishes, because the thread uses a PyObject (the callable) that
 * may go away when the driver finishes.  The former lack of this explicit
 * synchronization caused rare segfaults, so rare that they were seen only
 * on a Mac buildbot (although they were possible on any box).
 */
static PyThread_type_lock thread_done = NULL;

static int
_make_call(void *callable)
{
    PyObject *rc;
    int success;
    PyGILState_STATE s = PyGILState_Ensure();
    rc = _PyObject_CallNoArg((PyObject *)callable);
    success = (rc != NULL);
    Py_XDECREF(rc);
    PyGILState_Release(s);
    return success;
}

/* Same thing, but releases `thread_done` when it returns.  This variant
 * should be called only from threads spawned by test_thread_state().
 */
static void
_make_call_from_thread(void *callable)
{
    _make_call(callable);
    PyThread_release_lock(thread_done);
}

static PyObject *
test_thread_state(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
{
    PyObject *fn;
    int success = 1;

    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "O:test_thread_state", &fn))
        return NULL;

    if (!PyCallable_Check(fn)) {
        PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError, "'%s' object is not callable",
            fn->ob_type->tp_name);
        return NULL;
    }

    /* Ensure Python is set up for threading */
    PyEval_InitThreads();
    thread_done = PyThread_allocate_lock();
    if (thread_done == NULL)
        return PyErr_NoMemory();
    PyThread_acquire_lock(thread_done, 1);

    /* Start a new thread with our callback. */
    PyThread_start_new_thread(_make_call_from_thread, fn);
    /* Make the callback with the thread lock held by this thread */
    success &= _make_call(fn);
    /* Do it all again, but this time with the thread-lock released */
    Py_BEGIN_ALLOW_THREADS
    success &= _make_call(fn);
    PyThread_acquire_lock(thread_done, 1);  /* wait for thread to finish */
    Py_END_ALLOW_THREADS

    /* And once more with and without a thread
       XXX - should use a lock and work out exactly what we are trying
       to test <wink>
    */
    Py_BEGIN_ALLOW_THREADS
    PyThread_start_new_thread(_make_call_from_thread, fn);
    success &= _make_call(fn);
    PyThread_acquire_lock(thread_done, 1);  /* wait for thread to finish */
    Py_END_ALLOW_THREADS

    /* Release lock we acquired above.  This is required on HP-UX. */
    PyThread_release_lock(thread_done);

    PyThread_free_lock(thread_done);
    if (!success)
        return NULL;
    Py_RETURN_NONE;
}

/* test Py_AddPendingCalls using threads */
static int _pending_callback(void *arg)
{
    /* we assume the argument is callable object to which we own a reference */
    PyObject *callable = (PyObject *)arg;
    PyObject *r = _PyObject_CallNoArg(callable);
    Py_DECREF(callable);
    Py_XDECREF(r);
    return r != NULL ? 0 : -1;
}

/* The following requests n callbacks to _pending_callback.  It can be
 * run from any python thread.
 */
static PyObject *
pending_threadfunc(PyObject *self, PyObject *arg)
{
    PyObject *callable;
    int r;
    if (PyArg_ParseTuple(arg, "O", &callable) == 0)
        return NULL;

    /* create the reference for the callbackwhile we hold the lock */
    Py_INCREF(callable);

    Py_BEGIN_ALLOW_THREADS
    r = Py_AddPendingCall(&_pending_callback, callable);
    Py_END_ALLOW_THREADS

    if (r<0) {
        Py_DECREF(callable); /* unsuccessful add, destroy the extra reference */
        Py_RETURN_FALSE;
    }
    Py_RETURN_TRUE;
}

/* Some tests of PyUnicode_FromFormat().  This needs more tests. */
static PyObject *
test_string_from_format(PyObject *self, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
{
    PyObject *result;
    char *msg;

#define CHECK_1_FORMAT(FORMAT, TYPE)                                \
    result = PyUnicode_FromFormat(FORMAT, (TYPE)1);                 \
    if (result == NULL)                                             \
        return NULL;                                                \
    if (!_PyUnicode_EqualToASCIIString(result, "1")) {              \
        msg = FORMAT " failed at 1";                                \
        goto Fail;                                                  \
    }                                                               \
    Py_DECREF(result)

    CHECK_1_FORMAT("%d", int);
    CHECK_1_FORMAT("%ld", long);
    /* The z width modifier was added in Python 2.5. */
    CHECK_1_FORMAT("%zd", Py_ssize_t);

    /* The u type code was added in Python 2.5. */
    CHECK_1_FORMAT("%u", unsigned int);
    CHECK_1_FORMAT("%lu", unsigned long);
    CHECK_1_FORMAT("%zu", size_t);

    /* "%lld" and "%llu" support added in Python 2.7. */
    CHECK_1_FORMAT("%llu", unsigned long long);
    CHECK_1_FORMAT("%lld", long long);

    Py_RETURN_NONE;

 Fail:
    Py_XDECREF(result);
    return raiseTestError("test_string_from_format", msg);

#undef CHECK_1_FORMAT
}


static PyObject *
test_unicode_compare_with_ascii(PyObject *self, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(ignored)) {
    PyObject *py_s = PyUnicode_FromStringAndSize("str\0", 4);
    int result;
    if (py_s == NULL)
        return NULL;
    result = PyUnicode_CompareWithASCIIString(py_s, "str");
    Py_DECREF(py_s);
    if (!result) {
        PyErr_SetString(TestError, "Python string ending in NULL "
                        "should not compare equal to c string.");
        return NULL;
    }
    Py_RETURN_NONE;
}

/* This is here to provide a docstring for test_descr. */
static PyObject *
test_with_docstring(PyObject *self, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
{
    Py_RETURN_NONE;
}

/* Test PyOS_string_to_double. */
static PyObject *
test_string_to_double(PyObject *self, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(ignored)) {
    double result;
    const char *msg;

#define CHECK_STRING(STR, expected)                             \
    result = PyOS_string_to_double(STR, NULL, NULL);            \
    if (result == -1.0 && PyErr_Occurred())                     \
        return NULL;                                            \
    if (result != (double)expected) {                           \
        msg = "conversion of " STR " to float failed";          \
        goto fail;                                              \
    }

#define CHECK_INVALID(STR)                                              \
    result = PyOS_string_to_double(STR, NULL, NULL);                    \
    if (result == -1.0 && PyErr_Occurred()) {                           \
        if (PyErr_ExceptionMatches(PyExc_ValueError))                   \
            PyErr_Clear();                                              \
        else                                                            \
            return NULL;                                                \
    }                                                                   \
    else {                                                              \
        msg = "conversion of " STR " didn't raise ValueError";          \
        goto fail;                                                      \
    }

    CHECK_STRING("0.1", 0.1);
    CHECK_STRING("1.234", 1.234);
    CHECK_STRING("-1.35", -1.35);
    CHECK_STRING(".1e01", 1.0);
    CHECK_STRING("2.e-2", 0.02);

    CHECK_INVALID(" 0.1");
    CHECK_INVALID("\t\n-3");
    CHECK_INVALID(".123 ");
    CHECK_INVALID("3\n");
    CHECK_INVALID("123abc");

    Py_RETURN_NONE;
  fail:
    return raiseTestError("test_string_to_double", msg);
#undef CHECK_STRING
#undef CHECK_INVALID
}


/* Coverage testing of capsule objects. */

static const char *capsule_name = "capsule name";
static       char *capsule_pointer = "capsule pointer";
static       char *capsule_context = "capsule context";
static const char *capsule_error = NULL;
static int
capsule_destructor_call_count = 0;

static void
capsule_destructor(PyObject *o) {
    capsule_destructor_call_count++;
    if (PyCapsule_GetContext(o) != capsule_context) {
        capsule_error = "context did not match in destructor!";
    } else if (PyCapsule_GetDestructor(o) != capsule_destructor) {
        capsule_error = "destructor did not match in destructor!  (woah!)";
    } else if (PyCapsule_GetName(o) != capsule_name) {
        capsule_error = "name did not match in destructor!";
    } else if (PyCapsule_GetPointer(o, capsule_name) != capsule_pointer) {
        capsule_error = "pointer did not match in destructor!";
    }
}

typedef struct {
    char *name;
    char *module;
    char *attribute;
} known_capsule;

static PyObject *
test_capsule(PyObject *self, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
{
    PyObject *object;
    const char *error = NULL;
    void *pointer;
    void *pointer2;
    known_capsule known_capsules[] = {
        #define KNOWN_CAPSULE(module, name)             { module "." name, module, name }
        KNOWN_CAPSULE("_socket", "CAPI"),
        KNOWN_CAPSULE("_curses", "_C_API"),
        KNOWN_CAPSULE("datetime", "datetime_CAPI"),
        { NULL, NULL },
    };
    known_capsule *known = &known_capsules[0];

#define FAIL(x) { error = (x); goto exit; }

#define CHECK_DESTRUCTOR \
    if (capsule_error) { \
        FAIL(capsule_error); \
    } \
    else if (!capsule_destructor_call_count) {          \
        FAIL("destructor not called!"); \
    } \
    capsule_destructor_call_count = 0; \

    object = PyCapsule_New(capsule_pointer, capsule_name, capsule_destructor);
    PyCapsule_SetContext(object, capsule_context);
    capsule_destructor(object);
    CHECK_DESTRUCTOR;
    Py_DECREF(object);
    CHECK_DESTRUCTOR;

    object = PyCapsule_New(known, "ignored", NULL);
    PyCapsule_SetPointer(object, capsule_pointer);
    PyCapsule_SetName(object, capsule_name);
    PyCapsule_SetDestructor(object, capsule_destructor);
    PyCapsule_SetContext(object, capsule_context);
    capsule_destructor(object);
    CHECK_DESTRUCTOR;
    /* intentionally access using the wrong name */
    pointer2 = PyCapsule_GetPointer(object, "the wrong name");
    if (!PyErr_Occurred()) {
        FAIL("PyCapsule_GetPointer should have failed but did not!");
    }
    PyErr_Clear();
    if (pointer2) {
        if (pointer2 == capsule_pointer) {
            FAIL("PyCapsule_GetPointer should not have"
                     " returned the internal pointer!");
        } else {
            FAIL("PyCapsule_GetPointer should have "
                     "returned NULL pointer but did not!");
        }
    }
    PyCapsule_SetDestructor(object, NULL);
    Py_DECREF(object);
    if (capsule_destructor_call_count) {
        FAIL("destructor called when it should not have been!");
    }

    for (known = &known_capsules[0]; known->module != NULL; known++) {
        /* yeah, ordinarily I wouldn't do this either,
           but it's fine for this test harness.
        */
        static char buffer[256];
#undef FAIL
#define FAIL(x) \
        { \
        sprintf(buffer, "%s module: \"%s\" attribute: \"%s\"", \
            x, known->module, known->attribute); \
        error = buffer; \
        goto exit; \
        } \

        PyObject *module = PyImport_ImportModule(known->module);
        if (module) {
            pointer = PyCapsule_Import(known->name, 0);
            if (!pointer) {
                Py_DECREF(module);
                FAIL("PyCapsule_GetPointer returned NULL unexpectedly!");
            }
            object = PyObject_GetAttrString(module, known->attribute);
            if (!object) {
                Py_DECREF(module);
                return NULL;
            }
            pointer2 = PyCapsule_GetPointer(object,
                                    "weebles wobble but they don't fall down");
            if (!PyErr_Occurred()) {
                Py_DECREF(object);
                Py_DECREF(module);
                FAIL("PyCapsule_GetPointer should have failed but did not!");
            }
            PyErr_Clear();
            if (pointer2) {
                Py_DECREF(module);
                Py_DECREF(object);
                if (pointer2 == pointer) {
                    FAIL("PyCapsule_GetPointer should not have"
                             " returned its internal pointer!");
                } else {
                    FAIL("PyCapsule_GetPointer should have"
                             " returned NULL pointer but did not!");
                }
            }
            Py_DECREF(object);
            Py_DECREF(module);
        }
        else
            PyErr_Clear();
    }

  exit:
    if (error) {
        return raiseTestError("test_capsule", error);
    }
    Py_RETURN_NONE;
#undef FAIL
}

#ifdef HAVE_GETTIMEOFDAY
/* Profiling of integer performance */
static void print_delta(int test, struct timeval *s, struct timeval *e)
{
    e->tv_sec -= s->tv_sec;
    e->tv_usec -= s->tv_usec;
    if (e->tv_usec < 0) {
        e->tv_sec -=1;
        e->tv_usec += 1000000;
    }
    printf("Test %d: %d.%06ds\n", test, (int)e->tv_sec, (int)e->tv_usec);
}

static PyObject *
profile_int(PyObject *self, PyObject* args)
{
    int i, k;
    struct timeval start, stop;
    PyObject *single, **multiple, *op1, *result;

    /* Test 1: Allocate and immediately deallocate
       many small integers */
    gettimeofday(&start, NULL);
    for(k=0; k < 20000; k++)
        for(i=0; i < 1000; i++) {
            single = PyLong_FromLong(i);
            Py_DECREF(single);
        }
    gettimeofday(&stop, NULL);
    print_delta(1, &start, &stop);

    /* Test 2: Allocate and immediately deallocate
       many large integers */
    gettimeofday(&start, NULL);
    for(k=0; k < 20000; k++)
        for(i=0; i < 1000; i++) {
            single = PyLong_FromLong(i+1000000);
            Py_DECREF(single);
        }
    gettimeofday(&stop, NULL);
    print_delta(2, &start, &stop);

    /* Test 3: Allocate a few integers, then release
       them all simultaneously. */
    multiple = malloc(sizeof(PyObject*) * 1000);
    if (multiple == NULL)
        return PyErr_NoMemory();
    gettimeofday(&start, NULL);
    for(k=0; k < 20000; k++) {
        for(i=0; i < 1000; i++) {
            multiple[i] = PyLong_FromLong(i+1000000);
        }
        for(i=0; i < 1000; i++) {
            Py_DECREF(multiple[i]);
        }
    }
    gettimeofday(&stop, NULL);
    print_delta(3, &start, &stop);
    free(multiple);

    /* Test 4: Allocate many integers, then release
       them all simultaneously. */
    multiple = malloc(sizeof(PyObject*) * 1000000);
    if (multiple == NULL)
        return PyErr_NoMemory();
    gettimeofday(&start, NULL);
    for(k=0; k < 20; k++) {
        for(i=0; i < 1000000; i++) {
            multiple[i] = PyLong_FromLong(i+1000000);
        }
        for(i=0; i < 1000000; i++) {
            Py_DECREF(multiple[i]);
        }
    }
    gettimeofday(&stop, NULL);
    print_delta(4, &start, &stop);
    free(multiple);

    /* Test 5: Allocate many integers < 32000 */
    multiple = malloc(sizeof(PyObject*) * 1000000);
    if (multiple == NULL)
        return PyErr_NoMemory();
    gettimeofday(&start, NULL);
    for(k=0; k < 10; k++) {
        for(i=0; i < 1000000; i++) {
            multiple[i] = PyLong_FromLong(i+1000);
        }
        for(i=0; i < 1000000; i++) {
            Py_DECREF(multiple[i]);
        }
    }
    gettimeofday(&stop, NULL);
    print_delta(5, &start, &stop);
    free(multiple);

    /* Test 6: Perform small int addition */
    op1 = PyLong_FromLong(1);
    gettimeofday(&start, NULL);
    for(i=0; i < 10000000; i++) {
        result = PyNumber_Add(op1, op1);
        Py_DECREF(result);
    }
    gettimeofday(&stop, NULL);
    Py_DECREF(op1);
    print_delta(6, &start, &stop);

    /* Test 7: Perform medium int addition */
    op1 = PyLong_FromLong(1000);
    if (op1 == NULL)
        return NULL;
    gettimeofday(&start, NULL);
    for(i=0; i < 10000000; i++) {
        result = PyNumber_Add(op1, op1);
        Py_XDECREF(result);
    }
    gettimeofday(&stop, NULL);
    Py_DECREF(op1);
    print_delta(7, &start, &stop);

    Py_RETURN_NONE;
}
#endif

/* To test the format of tracebacks as printed out. */
static PyObject *
traceback_print(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
{
    PyObject *file;
    PyObject *traceback;
    int result;

    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "OO:traceback_print",
                            &traceback, &file))
        return NULL;

    result = PyTraceBack_Print(traceback, file);
    if (result < 0)
        return NULL;
    Py_RETURN_NONE;
}

/* To test the format of exceptions as printed out. */
static PyObject *
exception_print(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
{
    PyObject *value;
    PyObject *tb;

    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "O:exception_print",
                            &value))
        return NULL;
    if (!PyExceptionInstance_Check(value)) {
        PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError, "an exception instance is required");
        return NULL;
    }

    tb = PyException_GetTraceback(value);
    PyErr_Display((PyObject *) Py_TYPE(value), value, tb);
    Py_XDECREF(tb);

    Py_RETURN_NONE;
}




/* reliably raise a MemoryError */
static PyObject *
raise_memoryerror(PyObject *self, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
{
    PyErr_NoMemory();
    return NULL;
}

/* Issue 6012 */
static PyObject *str1, *str2;
static int
failing_converter(PyObject *obj, void *arg)
{
    /* Clone str1, then let the conversion fail. */
    assert(str1);
    str2 = str1;
    Py_INCREF(str2);
    return 0;
}
static PyObject*
argparsing(PyObject *o, PyObject *args)
{
    PyObject *res;
    str1 = str2 = NULL;
    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "O&O&",
                          PyUnicode_FSConverter, &str1,
                          failing_converter, &str2)) {
        if (!str2)
            /* argument converter not called? */
            return NULL;
        /* Should be 1 */
        res = PyLong_FromSsize_t(Py_REFCNT(str2));
        Py_DECREF(str2);
        PyErr_Clear();
        return res;
    }
    Py_RETURN_NONE;
}

/* To test that the result of PyCode_NewEmpty has the right members. */
static PyObject *
code_newempty(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
{
    const char *filename;
    const char *funcname;
    int firstlineno;

    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "ssi:code_newempty",
                          &filename, &funcname, &firstlineno))
        return NULL;

    return (PyObject *)PyCode_NewEmpty(filename, funcname, firstlineno);
}

/* Test PyErr_NewExceptionWithDoc (also exercise PyErr_NewException).
   Run via Lib/test/test_exceptions.py */
static PyObject *
make_exception_with_doc(PyObject *self, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwargs)
{
    const char *name;
    const char *doc = NULL;
    PyObject *base = NULL;
    PyObject *dict = NULL;

    static char *kwlist[] = {"name", "doc", "base", "dict", NULL};

    if (!PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords(args, kwargs,
                    "s|sOO:make_exception_with_doc", kwlist,
                                     &name, &doc, &base, &dict))
        return NULL;

    return PyErr_NewExceptionWithDoc(name, doc, base, dict);
}

static PyObject *
make_memoryview_from_NULL_pointer(PyObject *self, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
{
    Py_buffer info;
    if (PyBuffer_FillInfo(&info, NULL, NULL, 1, 1, PyBUF_FULL_RO) < 0)
        return NULL;
    return PyMemoryView_FromBuffer(&info);
}

static PyObject *
test_from_contiguous(PyObject* self, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
{
    int data[9] = {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1};
    int init[5] = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4};
    Py_ssize_t itemsize = sizeof(int);
    Py_ssize_t shape = 5;
    Py_ssize_t strides = 2 * itemsize;
    Py_buffer view = {
        data,
        NULL,
        5 * itemsize,
        itemsize,
        1,
        1,
        NULL,
        &shape,
        &strides,
        NULL,
        NULL
    };
    int *ptr;
    int i;

    PyBuffer_FromContiguous(&view, init, view.len, 'C');
    ptr = view.buf;
    for (i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
        if (ptr[2*i] != i) {
            PyErr_SetString(TestError,
                "test_from_contiguous: incorrect result");
            return NULL;
        }
    }

    view.buf = &data[8];
    view.strides[0] = -2 * itemsize;

    PyBuffer_FromContiguous(&view, init, view.len, 'C');
    ptr = view.buf;
    for (i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
        if (*(ptr-2*i) != i) {
            PyErr_SetString(TestError,
                "test_from_contiguous: incorrect result");
            return NULL;
        }
    }

    Py_RETURN_NONE;
}

#if (defined(__linux__) || defined(__FreeBSD__)) && defined(__GNUC__)
extern PyTypeObject _PyBytesIOBuffer_Type;

static PyObject *
test_pep3118_obsolete_write_locks(PyObject* self, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
{
    PyTypeObject *type = &_PyBytesIOBuffer_Type;
    PyObject *b;
    char *dummy[1];
    int ret, match;

    /* PyBuffer_FillInfo() */
    ret = PyBuffer_FillInfo(NULL, NULL, dummy, 1, 0, PyBUF_SIMPLE);
    match = PyErr_Occurred() && PyErr_ExceptionMatches(PyExc_BufferError);
    PyErr_Clear();
    if (ret != -1 || match == 0)
        goto error;

    /* bytesiobuf_getbuffer() */
    b = type->tp_alloc(type, 0);
    if (b == NULL) {
        return NULL;
    }

    ret = PyObject_GetBuffer(b, NULL, PyBUF_SIMPLE);
    Py_DECREF(b);
    match = PyErr_Occurred() && PyErr_ExceptionMatches(PyExc_BufferError);
    PyErr_Clear();
    if (ret != -1 || match == 0)
        goto error;

    Py_RETURN_NONE;

error:
    PyErr_SetString(TestError,
        "test_pep3118_obsolete_write_locks: failure");
    return NULL;
}
#endif

/* This tests functions that historically supported write locks.  It is
   wrong to call getbuffer() with view==NULL and a compliant getbufferproc
   is entitled to segfault in that case. */
static PyObject *
getbuffer_with_null_view(PyObject* self, PyObject *obj)
{
    if (PyObject_GetBuffer(obj, NULL, PyBUF_SIMPLE) < 0)
        return NULL;

    Py_RETURN_NONE;
}

/* Test that the fatal error from not having a current thread doesn't
   cause an infinite loop.  Run via Lib/test/test_capi.py */
static PyObject *
crash_no_current_thread(PyObject *self, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
{
    Py_BEGIN_ALLOW_THREADS
    /* Using PyThreadState_Get() directly allows the test to pass in
       !pydebug mode. However, the test only actually tests anything
       in pydebug mode, since that's where the infinite loop was in
       the first place. */
    PyThreadState_Get();
    Py_END_ALLOW_THREADS
    return NULL;
}

/* To run some code in a sub-interpreter. */
static PyObject *
run_in_subinterp(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
{
    const char *code;
    int r;
    PyThreadState *substate, *mainstate;

    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "s:run_in_subinterp",
                          &code))
        return NULL;

    mainstate = PyThreadState_Get();

    PyThreadState_Swap(NULL);

    substate = Py_NewInterpreter();
    if (substate == NULL) {
        /* Since no new thread state was created, there is no exception to
           propagate; raise a fresh one after swapping in the old thread
           state. */
        PyThreadState_Swap(mainstate);
        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_RuntimeError, "sub-interpreter creation failed");
        return NULL;
    }
    r = PyRun_SimpleString(code);
    Py_EndInterpreter(substate);

    PyThreadState_Swap(mainstate);

    return PyLong_FromLong(r);
}

static int
check_time_rounding(int round)
{
    if (round != _PyTime_ROUND_FLOOR
        && round != _PyTime_ROUND_CEILING
        && round != _PyTime_ROUND_HALF_EVEN
        && round != _PyTime_ROUND_UP) {
        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError, "invalid rounding");
        return -1;
    }
    return 0;
}

static PyObject *
test_pytime_object_to_time_t(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
{
    PyObject *obj;
    time_t sec;
    int round;
    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "Oi:pytime_object_to_time_t", &obj, &round))
        return NULL;
    if (check_time_rounding(round) < 0)
        return NULL;
    if (_PyTime_ObjectToTime_t(obj, &sec, round) == -1)
        return NULL;
    return _PyLong_FromTime_t(sec);
}

static PyObject *
test_pytime_object_to_timeval(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
{
    PyObject *obj;
    time_t sec;
    long usec;
    int round;
    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "Oi:pytime_object_to_timeval", &obj, &round))
        return NULL;
    if (check_time_rounding(round) < 0)
        return NULL;
    if (_PyTime_ObjectToTimeval(obj, &sec, &usec, round) == -1)
        return NULL;
    return Py_BuildValue("Nl", _PyLong_FromTime_t(sec), usec);
}

static PyObject *
test_pytime_object_to_timespec(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
{
    PyObject *obj;
    time_t sec;
    long nsec;
    int round;
    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "Oi:pytime_object_to_timespec", &obj, &round))
        return NULL;
    if (check_time_rounding(round) < 0)
        return NULL;
    if (_PyTime_ObjectToTimespec(obj, &sec, &nsec, round) == -1)
        return NULL;
    return Py_BuildValue("Nl", _PyLong_FromTime_t(sec), nsec);
}

static void
slot_tp_del(PyObject *self)
{
    _Py_IDENTIFIER(__tp_del__);
    PyObject *del, *res;
    PyObject *error_type, *error_value, *error_traceback;

    /* Temporarily resurrect the object. */
    assert(self->ob_refcnt == 0);
    self->ob_refcnt = 1;

    /* Save the current exception, if any. */
    PyErr_Fetch(&error_type, &error_value, &error_traceback);

    /* Execute __del__ method, if any. */
    del = _PyObject_LookupSpecial(self, &PyId___tp_del__);
    if (del != NULL) {
        res = _PyObject_CallNoArg(del);
        if (res == NULL)
            PyErr_WriteUnraisable(del);
        else
            Py_DECREF(res);
        Py_DECREF(del);
    }

    /* Restore the saved exception. */
    PyErr_Restore(error_type, error_value, error_traceback);

    /* Undo the temporary resurrection; can't use DECREF here, it would
     * cause a recursive call.
     */
    assert(self->ob_refcnt > 0);
    if (--self->ob_refcnt == 0)
        return;         /* this is the normal path out */

    /* __del__ resurrected it!  Make it look like the original Py_DECREF
     * never happened.
     */
    {
        Py_ssize_t refcnt = self->ob_refcnt;
        _Py_NewReference(self);
        self->ob_refcnt = refcnt;
    }
    assert(!PyType_IS_GC(Py_TYPE(self)) || _PyObject_GC_IS_TRACKED(self));
    /* If Py_REF_DEBUG, _Py_NewReference bumped _Py_RefTotal, so
     * we need to undo that. */
    _Py_DEC_REFTOTAL;
    /* If Py_TRACE_REFS, _Py_NewReference re-added self to the object
     * chain, so no more to do there.
     * If COUNT_ALLOCS, the original decref bumped tp_frees, and
     * _Py_NewReference bumped tp_allocs:  both of those need to be
     * undone.
     */
#ifdef COUNT_ALLOCS
    --Py_TYPE(self)->tp_frees;
    --Py_TYPE(self)->tp_allocs;
#endif
}

static PyObject *
with_tp_del(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
{
    PyObject *obj;
    PyTypeObject *tp;

    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "O:with_tp_del", &obj))
        return NULL;
    tp = (PyTypeObject *) obj;
    if (!PyType_Check(obj) || !PyType_HasFeature(tp, Py_TPFLAGS_HEAPTYPE)) {
        PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError,
                     "heap type expected, got %R", obj);
        return NULL;
    }
    tp->tp_del = slot_tp_del;
    Py_INCREF(obj);
    return obj;
}

static PyMethodDef ml;

static PyObject *
create_cfunction(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
{
    return PyCFunction_NewEx(&ml, self, NULL);
}

static PyMethodDef ml = {
    "create_cfunction",
    create_cfunction,
    METH_NOARGS,
    NULL
};

static PyObject *
_test_incref(PyObject *ob)
{
    Py_INCREF(ob);
    return ob;
}

static PyObject *
test_xincref_doesnt_leak(PyObject *ob, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
{
    PyObject *obj = PyLong_FromLong(0);
    Py_XINCREF(_test_incref(obj));
    Py_DECREF(obj);
    Py_DECREF(obj);
    Py_DECREF(obj);
    Py_RETURN_NONE;
}

static PyObject *
test_incref_doesnt_leak(PyObject *ob, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
{
    PyObject *obj = PyLong_FromLong(0);
    Py_INCREF(_test_incref(obj));
    Py_DECREF(obj);
    Py_DECREF(obj);
    Py_DECREF(obj);
    Py_RETURN_NONE;
}

static PyObject *
test_xdecref_doesnt_leak(PyObject *ob, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
{
    Py_XDECREF(PyLong_FromLong(0));
    Py_RETURN_NONE;
}

static PyObject *
test_decref_doesnt_leak(PyObject *ob, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
{
    Py_DECREF(PyLong_FromLong(0));
    Py_RETURN_NONE;
}

static PyObject *
test_structseq_newtype_doesnt_leak(PyObject *Py_UNUSED(self),
                              PyObject *Py_UNUSED(args))
{
    PyStructSequence_Desc descr;
    PyStructSequence_Field descr_fields[3];

    descr_fields[0] = (PyStructSequence_Field){"foo", "foo value"};
    descr_fields[1] = (PyStructSequence_Field){NULL, "some hidden value"};
    descr_fields[2] = (PyStructSequence_Field){0, NULL};

    descr.name = "_testcapi.test_descr";
    descr.doc = "This is used to test for memory leaks in NewType";
    descr.fields = descr_fields;
    descr.n_in_sequence = 1;

    PyTypeObject* structseq_type = PyStructSequence_NewType(&descr);
    assert(structseq_type != NULL);
    assert(PyType_Check(structseq_type));
    assert(PyType_FastSubclass(structseq_type, Py_TPFLAGS_TUPLE_SUBCLASS));
    Py_DECREF(structseq_type);

    Py_RETURN_NONE;
}

static PyObject *
test_incref_decref_API(PyObject *ob, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
{
    PyObject *obj = PyLong_FromLong(0);
    Py_IncRef(obj);
    Py_DecRef(obj);
    Py_DecRef(obj);
    Py_RETURN_NONE;
}

static PyObject *
test_pymem_alloc0(PyObject *self, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
{
    void *ptr;

    ptr = PyMem_RawMalloc(0);
    if (ptr == NULL) {
        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_RuntimeError, "PyMem_RawMalloc(0) returns NULL");
        return NULL;
    }
    PyMem_RawFree(ptr);

    ptr = PyMem_RawCalloc(0, 0);
    if (ptr == NULL) {
        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_RuntimeError, "PyMem_RawCalloc(0, 0) returns NULL");
        return NULL;
    }
    PyMem_RawFree(ptr);

    ptr = PyMem_Malloc(0);
    if (ptr == NULL) {
        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_RuntimeError, "PyMem_Malloc(0) returns NULL");
        return NULL;
    }
    PyMem_Free(ptr);

    ptr = PyMem_Calloc(0, 0);
    if (ptr == NULL) {
        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_RuntimeError, "PyMem_Calloc(0, 0) returns NULL");
        return NULL;
    }
    PyMem_Free(ptr);

    ptr = PyObject_Malloc(0);
    if (ptr == NULL) {
        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_RuntimeError, "PyObject_Malloc(0) returns NULL");
        return NULL;
    }
    PyObject_Free(ptr);

    ptr = PyObject_Calloc(0, 0);
    if (ptr == NULL) {
        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_RuntimeError, "PyObject_Calloc(0, 0) returns NULL");
        return NULL;
    }
    PyObject_Free(ptr);

    Py_RETURN_NONE;
}

typedef struct {
    PyMemAllocatorEx alloc;

    size_t malloc_size;
    size_t calloc_nelem;
    size_t calloc_elsize;
    void *realloc_ptr;
    size_t realloc_new_size;
    void *free_ptr;
    void *ctx;
} alloc_hook_t;

static void* hook_malloc(void* ctx, size_t size)
{
    alloc_hook_t *hook = (alloc_hook_t *)ctx;
    hook->ctx = ctx;
    hook->malloc_size = size;
    return hook->alloc.malloc(hook->alloc.ctx, size);
}

static void* hook_calloc(void* ctx, size_t nelem, size_t elsize)
{
    alloc_hook_t *hook = (alloc_hook_t *)ctx;
    hook->ctx = ctx;
    hook->calloc_nelem = nelem;
    hook->calloc_elsize = elsize;
    return hook->alloc.calloc(hook->alloc.ctx, nelem, elsize);
}

static void* hook_realloc(void* ctx, void* ptr, size_t new_size)
{
    alloc_hook_t *hook = (alloc_hook_t *)ctx;
    hook->ctx = ctx;
    hook->realloc_ptr = ptr;
    hook->realloc_new_size = new_size;
    return hook->alloc.realloc(hook->alloc.ctx, ptr, new_size);
}

static void hook_free(void *ctx, void *ptr)
{
    alloc_hook_t *hook = (alloc_hook_t *)ctx;
    hook->ctx = ctx;
    hook->free_ptr = ptr;
    hook->alloc.free(hook->alloc.ctx, ptr);
}

static PyObject *
test_setallocators(PyMemAllocatorDomain domain)
{
    PyObject *res = NULL;
    const char *error_msg;
    alloc_hook_t hook;
    PyMemAllocatorEx alloc;
    size_t size, size2, nelem, elsize;
    void *ptr, *ptr2;

    memset(&hook, 0, sizeof(hook));

    alloc.ctx = &hook;
    alloc.malloc = &hook_malloc;
    alloc.calloc = &hook_calloc;
    alloc.realloc = &hook_realloc;
    alloc.free = &hook_free;
    PyMem_GetAllocator(domain, &hook.alloc);
    PyMem_SetAllocator(domain, &alloc);

    /* malloc, realloc, free */
    size = 42;
    hook.ctx = NULL;
    switch(domain)
    {
    case PYMEM_DOMAIN_RAW: ptr = PyMem_RawMalloc(size); break;
    case PYMEM_DOMAIN_MEM: ptr = PyMem_Malloc(size); break;
    case PYMEM_DOMAIN_OBJ: ptr = PyObject_Malloc(size); break;
    default: ptr = NULL; break;
    }

#define CHECK_CTX(FUNC) \
    if (hook.ctx != &hook) { \
        error_msg = FUNC " wrong context"; \
        goto fail; \
    } \
    hook.ctx = NULL;  /* reset for next check */

    if (ptr == NULL) {
        error_msg = "malloc failed";
        goto fail;
    }
    CHECK_CTX("malloc");
    if (hook.malloc_size != size) {
        error_msg = "malloc invalid size";
        goto fail;
    }

    size2 = 200;
    switch(domain)
    {
    case PYMEM_DOMAIN_RAW: ptr2 = PyMem_RawRealloc(ptr, size2); break;
    case PYMEM_DOMAIN_MEM: ptr2 = PyMem_Realloc(ptr, size2); break;
    case PYMEM_DOMAIN_OBJ: ptr2 = PyObject_Realloc(ptr, size2); break;
    default: ptr2 = NULL; break;
    }

    if (ptr2 == NULL) {
        error_msg = "realloc failed";
        goto fail;
    }
    CHECK_CTX("realloc");
    if (hook.realloc_ptr != ptr
        || hook.realloc_new_size != size2) {
        error_msg = "realloc invalid parameters";
        goto fail;
    }

    switch(domain)
    {
    case PYMEM_DOMAIN_RAW: PyMem_RawFree(ptr2); break;
    case PYMEM_DOMAIN_MEM: PyMem_Free(ptr2); break;
    case PYMEM_DOMAIN_OBJ: PyObject_Free(ptr2); break;
    }

    CHECK_CTX("free");
    if (hook.free_ptr != ptr2) {
        error_msg = "free invalid pointer";
        goto fail;
    }

    /* calloc, free */
    nelem = 2;
    elsize = 5;
    switch(domain)
    {
    case PYMEM_DOMAIN_RAW: ptr = PyMem_RawCalloc(nelem, elsize); break;
    case PYMEM_DOMAIN_MEM: ptr = PyMem_Calloc(nelem, elsize); break;
    case PYMEM_DOMAIN_OBJ: ptr = PyObject_Calloc(nelem, elsize); break;
    default: ptr = NULL; break;
    }

    if (ptr == NULL) {
        error_msg = "calloc failed";
        goto fail;
    }
    CHECK_CTX("calloc");
    if (hook.calloc_nelem != nelem || hook.calloc_elsize != elsize) {
        error_msg = "calloc invalid nelem or elsize";
        goto fail;
    }

    hook.free_ptr = NULL;
    switch(domain)
    {
    case PYMEM_DOMAIN_RAW: PyMem_RawFree(ptr); break;
    case PYMEM_DOMAIN_MEM: PyMem_Free(ptr); break;
    case PYMEM_DOMAIN_OBJ: PyObject_Free(ptr); break;
    }

    CHECK_CTX("calloc free");
    if (hook.free_ptr != ptr) {
        error_msg = "calloc free invalid pointer";
        goto fail;
    }

    Py_INCREF(Py_None);
    res = Py_None;
    goto finally;

fail:
    PyErr_SetString(PyExc_RuntimeError, error_msg);

finally:
    PyMem_SetAllocator(domain, &hook.alloc);
    return res;

#undef CHECK_CTX
}

static PyObject *
test_pymem_setrawallocators(PyObject *self, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
{
    return test_setallocators(PYMEM_DOMAIN_RAW);
}

static PyObject *
test_pymem_setallocators(PyObject *self, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
{
    return test_setallocators(PYMEM_DOMAIN_MEM);
}

static PyObject *
test_pyobject_setallocators(PyObject *self, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
{
    return test_setallocators(PYMEM_DOMAIN_OBJ);
}

/* Most part of the following code is inherited from the pyfailmalloc project
 * written by Victor Stinner. */
static struct {
    int installed;
    PyMemAllocatorEx raw;
    PyMemAllocatorEx mem;
    PyMemAllocatorEx obj;
} FmHook;

static struct {
    int start;
    int stop;
    Py_ssize_t count;
} FmData;

static int
fm_nomemory(void)
{
    FmData.count++;
    if (FmData.count > FmData.start &&
            (FmData.stop <= 0 || FmData.count <= FmData.stop)) {
        return 1;
    }
    return 0;
}

static void *
hook_fmalloc(void *ctx, size_t size)
{
    PyMemAllocatorEx *alloc = (PyMemAllocatorEx *)ctx;
    if (fm_nomemory()) {
        return NULL;
    }
    return alloc->malloc(alloc->ctx, size);
}

static void *
hook_fcalloc(void *ctx, size_t nelem, size_t elsize)
{
    PyMemAllocatorEx *alloc = (PyMemAllocatorEx *)ctx;
    if (fm_nomemory()) {
        return NULL;
    }
    return alloc->calloc(alloc->ctx, nelem, elsize);
}

static void *
hook_frealloc(void *ctx, void *ptr, size_t new_size)
{
    PyMemAllocatorEx *alloc = (PyMemAllocatorEx *)ctx;
    if (fm_nomemory()) {
        return NULL;
    }
    return alloc->realloc(alloc->ctx, ptr, new_size);
}

static void
hook_ffree(void *ctx, void *ptr)
{
    PyMemAllocatorEx *alloc = (PyMemAllocatorEx *)ctx;
    alloc->free(alloc->ctx, ptr);
}

static void
fm_setup_hooks(void)
{
    PyMemAllocatorEx alloc;

    if (FmHook.installed) {
        return;
    }
    FmHook.installed = 1;

    alloc.malloc = hook_fmalloc;
    alloc.calloc = hook_fcalloc;
    alloc.realloc = hook_frealloc;
    alloc.free = hook_ffree;
    PyMem_GetAllocator(PYMEM_DOMAIN_RAW, &FmHook.raw);
    PyMem_GetAllocator(PYMEM_DOMAIN_MEM, &FmHook.mem);
    PyMem_GetAllocator(PYMEM_DOMAIN_OBJ, &FmHook.obj);

    alloc.ctx = &FmHook.raw;
    PyMem_SetAllocator(PYMEM_DOMAIN_RAW, &alloc);

    alloc.ctx = &FmHook.mem;
    PyMem_SetAllocator(PYMEM_DOMAIN_MEM, &alloc);

    alloc.ctx = &FmHook.obj;
    PyMem_SetAllocator(PYMEM_DOMAIN_OBJ, &alloc);
}

static void
fm_remove_hooks(void)
{
    if (FmHook.installed) {
        FmHook.installed = 0;
        PyMem_SetAllocator(PYMEM_DOMAIN_RAW, &FmHook.raw);
        PyMem_SetAllocator(PYMEM_DOMAIN_MEM, &FmHook.mem);
        PyMem_SetAllocator(PYMEM_DOMAIN_OBJ, &FmHook.obj);
    }
}

static PyObject*
set_nomemory(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
{
    /* Memory allocation fails after 'start' allocation requests, and until
     * 'stop' allocation requests except when 'stop' is negative or equal
     * to 0 (default) in which case allocation failures never stop. */
    FmData.count = 0;
    FmData.stop = 0;
    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "i|i", &FmData.start, &FmData.stop)) {
        return NULL;
    }
    fm_setup_hooks();
    Py_RETURN_NONE;
}

static PyObject*
remove_mem_hooks(PyObject *self, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
{
    fm_remove_hooks();
    Py_RETURN_NONE;
}

PyDoc_STRVAR(docstring_empty,
""
);

PyDoc_STRVAR(docstring_no_signature,
"This docstring has no signature."
);

PyDoc_STRVAR(docstring_with_invalid_signature,
"docstring_with_invalid_signature($module, /, boo)\n"
"\n"
"This docstring has an invalid signature."
);

PyDoc_STRVAR(docstring_with_invalid_signature2,
"docstring_with_invalid_signature2($module, /, boo)\n"
"\n"
"--\n"
"\n"
"This docstring also has an invalid signature."
);

PyDoc_STRVAR(docstring_with_signature,
"docstring_with_signature($module, /, sig)\n"
"--\n"
"\n"
"This docstring has a valid signature."
);

PyDoc_STRVAR(docstring_with_signature_but_no_doc,
"docstring_with_signature_but_no_doc($module, /, sig)\n"
"--\n"
"\n"
);

PyDoc_STRVAR(docstring_with_signature_and_extra_newlines,
"docstring_with_signature_and_extra_newlines($module, /, parameter)\n"
"--\n"
"\n"
"\n"
"This docstring has a valid signature and some extra newlines."
);

PyDoc_STRVAR(docstring_with_signature_with_defaults,
"docstring_with_signature_with_defaults(module, s='avocado',\n"
"        b=b'bytes', d=3.14, i=35, n=None, t=True, f=False,\n"
"        local=the_number_three, sys=sys.maxsize,\n"
"        exp=sys.maxsize - 1)\n"
"--\n"
"\n"
"\n"
"\n"
"This docstring has a valid signature with parameters,\n"
"and the parameters take defaults of varying types."
);

typedef struct {
    PyThread_type_lock start_event;
    PyThread_type_lock exit_event;
    PyObject *callback;
} test_c_thread_t;

static void
temporary_c_thread(void *data)
{
    test_c_thread_t *test_c_thread = data;
    PyGILState_STATE state;
    PyObject *res;

    PyThread_release_lock(test_c_thread->start_event);

    /* Allocate a Python thread state for this thread */
    state = PyGILState_Ensure();

    res = _PyObject_CallNoArg(test_c_thread->callback);
    Py_CLEAR(test_c_thread->callback);

    if (res == NULL) {
        PyErr_Print();
    }
    else {
        Py_DECREF(res);
    }

    /* Destroy the Python thread state for this thread */
    PyGILState_Release(state);

    PyThread_release_lock(test_c_thread->exit_event);

    PyThread_exit_thread();
}

static PyObject *
call_in_temporary_c_thread(PyObject *self, PyObject *callback)
{
    PyObject *res = NULL;
    test_c_thread_t test_c_thread;
    long thread;

    PyEval_InitThreads();

    test_c_thread.start_event = PyThread_allocate_lock();
    test_c_thread.exit_event = PyThread_allocate_lock();
    test_c_thread.callback = NULL;
    if (!test_c_thread.start_event || !test_c_thread.exit_event) {
        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_RuntimeError, "could not allocate lock");
        goto exit;
    }

    Py_INCREF(callback);
    test_c_thread.callback = callback;

    PyThread_acquire_lock(test_c_thread.start_event, 1);
    PyThread_acquire_lock(test_c_thread.exit_event, 1);

    thread = PyThread_start_new_thread(temporary_c_thread, &test_c_thread);
    if (thread == -1) {
        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_RuntimeError, "unable to start the thread");
        PyThread_release_lock(test_c_thread.start_event);
        PyThread_release_lock(test_c_thread.exit_event);
        goto exit;
    }

    PyThread_acquire_lock(test_c_thread.start_event, 1);
    PyThread_release_lock(test_c_thread.start_event);

    Py_BEGIN_ALLOW_THREADS
        PyThread_acquire_lock(test_c_thread.exit_event, 1);
        PyThread_release_lock(test_c_thread.exit_event);
    Py_END_ALLOW_THREADS

    Py_INCREF(Py_None);
    res = Py_None;

exit:
    Py_CLEAR(test_c_thread.callback);
    if (test_c_thread.start_event)
        PyThread_free_lock(test_c_thread.start_event);
    if (test_c_thread.exit_event)
        PyThread_free_lock(test_c_thread.exit_event);
    return res;
}

/* marshal */

static PyObject*
pymarshal_write_long_to_file(PyObject* self, PyObject *args)
{
    long value;
    char *filename;
    int version;
    FILE *fp;

    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "lsi:pymarshal_write_long_to_file",
                          &value, &filename, &version))
        return NULL;

    fp = fopen(filename, "wb");
    if (fp == NULL) {
        PyErr_SetFromErrno(PyExc_OSError);
        return NULL;
    }

    PyMarshal_WriteLongToFile(value, fp, version);

    fclose(fp);
    if (PyErr_Occurred())
        return NULL;
    Py_RETURN_NONE;
}

static PyObject*
pymarshal_write_object_to_file(PyObject* self, PyObject *args)
{
    PyObject *obj;
    char *filename;
    int version;
    FILE *fp;

    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "Osi:pymarshal_write_object_to_file",
                          &obj, &filename, &version))
        return NULL;

    fp = fopen(filename, "wb");
    if (fp == NULL) {
        PyErr_SetFromErrno(PyExc_OSError);
        return NULL;
    }

    PyMarshal_WriteObjectToFile(obj, fp, version);

    fclose(fp);
    if (PyErr_Occurred())
        return NULL;
    Py_RETURN_NONE;
}

static PyObject*
pymarshal_read_short_from_file(PyObject* self, PyObject *args)
{
    int value;
    long pos;
    char *filename;
    FILE *fp;

    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "s:pymarshal_read_short_from_file", &filename))
        return NULL;

    fp = fopen(filename, "rb");
    if (fp == NULL) {
        PyErr_SetFromErrno(PyExc_OSError);
        return NULL;
    }

    value = PyMarshal_ReadShortFromFile(fp);
    pos = ftell(fp);

    fclose(fp);
    if (PyErr_Occurred())
        return NULL;
    return Py_BuildValue("il", value, pos);
}

static PyObject*
pymarshal_read_long_from_file(PyObject* self, PyObject *args)
{
    long value, pos;
    char *filename;
    FILE *fp;

    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "s:pymarshal_read_long_from_file", &filename))
        return NULL;

    fp = fopen(filename, "rb");
    if (fp == NULL) {
        PyErr_SetFromErrno(PyExc_OSError);
        return NULL;
    }

    value = PyMarshal_ReadLongFromFile(fp);
    pos = ftell(fp);

    fclose(fp);
    if (PyErr_Occurred())
        return NULL;
    return Py_BuildValue("ll", value, pos);
}

static PyObject*
pymarshal_read_last_object_from_file(PyObject* self, PyObject *args)
{
    PyObject *obj;
    long pos;
    char *filename;
    FILE *fp;

    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "s:pymarshal_read_last_object_from_file", &filename))
        return NULL;

    fp = fopen(filename, "rb");
    if (fp == NULL) {
        PyErr_SetFromErrno(PyExc_OSError);
        return NULL;
    }

    obj = PyMarshal_ReadLastObjectFromFile(fp);
    pos = ftell(fp);

    fclose(fp);
    return Py_BuildValue("Nl", obj, pos);
}

static PyObject*
pymarshal_read_object_from_file(PyObject* self, PyObject *args)
{
    PyObject *obj;
    long pos;
    char *filename;
    FILE *fp;

    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "s:pymarshal_read_object_from_file", &filename))
        return NULL;

    fp = fopen(filename, "rb");
    if (fp == NULL) {
        PyErr_SetFromErrno(PyExc_OSError);
        return NULL;
    }

    obj = PyMarshal_ReadObjectFromFile(fp);
    pos = ftell(fp);

    fclose(fp);
    return Py_BuildValue("Nl", obj, pos);
}

static PyObject*
return_null_without_error(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
{
    /* invalid call: return NULL without setting an error,
     * _Py_CheckFunctionResult() must detect such bug at runtime. */
    PyErr_Clear();
    return NULL;
}

static PyObject*
return_result_with_error(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
{
    /* invalid call: return a result with an error set,
     * _Py_CheckFunctionResult() must detect such bug at runtime. */
    PyErr_SetNone(PyExc_ValueError);
    Py_RETURN_NONE;
}

static PyObject *
test_pytime_fromseconds(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
{
    int seconds;
    _PyTime_t ts;

    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "i", &seconds))
        return NULL;
    ts = _PyTime_FromSeconds(seconds);
    return _PyTime_AsNanosecondsObject(ts);
}

static PyObject *
test_pytime_fromsecondsobject(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
{
    PyObject *obj;
    int round;
    _PyTime_t ts;

    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "Oi", &obj, &round))
        return NULL;
    if (check_time_rounding(round) < 0)
        return NULL;
    if (_PyTime_FromSecondsObject(&ts, obj, round) == -1)
        return NULL;
    return _PyTime_AsNanosecondsObject(ts);
}

static PyObject *
test_pytime_assecondsdouble(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
{
    PyObject *obj;
    _PyTime_t ts;
    double d;

    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "O", &obj)) {
        return NULL;
    }
    if (_PyTime_FromNanosecondsObject(&ts, obj) < 0) {
        return NULL;
    }
    d = _PyTime_AsSecondsDouble(ts);
    return PyFloat_FromDouble(d);
}

static PyObject *
test_PyTime_AsTimeval(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
{
    PyObject *obj;
    int round;
    _PyTime_t t;
    struct timeval tv;
    PyObject *seconds;

    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "Oi", &obj, &round))
        return NULL;
    if (check_time_rounding(round) < 0) {
        return NULL;
    }
    if (_PyTime_FromNanosecondsObject(&t, obj) < 0) {
        return NULL;
    }
    if (_PyTime_AsTimeval(t, &tv, round) < 0) {
        return NULL;
    }

    seconds = PyLong_FromLongLong(tv.tv_sec);
    if (seconds == NULL) {
        return NULL;
    }
    return Py_BuildValue("Nl", seconds, tv.tv_usec);
}

#ifdef HAVE_CLOCK_GETTIME
static PyObject *
test_PyTime_AsTimespec(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
{
    PyObject *obj;
    _PyTime_t t;
    struct timespec ts;

    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "O", &obj)) {
        return NULL;
    }
    if (_PyTime_FromNanosecondsObject(&t, obj) < 0) {
        return NULL;
    }
    if (_PyTime_AsTimespec(t, &ts) == -1) {
        return NULL;
    }
    return Py_BuildValue("Nl", _PyLong_FromTime_t(ts.tv_sec), ts.tv_nsec);
}
#endif

static PyObject *
test_PyTime_AsMilliseconds(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
{
    PyObject *obj;
    int round;
    _PyTime_t t, ms;

    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "Oi", &obj, &round)) {
        return NULL;
    }
    if (_PyTime_FromNanosecondsObject(&t, obj) < 0) {
        return NULL;
    }
    if (check_time_rounding(round) < 0) {
        return NULL;
    }
    ms = _PyTime_AsMilliseconds(t, round);
    /* This conversion rely on the fact that _PyTime_t is a number of
       nanoseconds */
    return _PyTime_AsNanosecondsObject(ms);
}

static PyObject *
test_PyTime_AsMicroseconds(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
{
    PyObject *obj;
    int round;
    _PyTime_t t, ms;

    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "Oi", &obj, &round))
        return NULL;
    if (_PyTime_FromNanosecondsObject(&t, obj) < 0) {
        return NULL;
    }
    if (check_time_rounding(round) < 0) {
        return NULL;
    }
    ms = _PyTime_AsMicroseconds(t, round);
    /* This conversion rely on the fact that _PyTime_t is a number of
       nanoseconds */
    return _PyTime_AsNanosecondsObject(ms);
}

static PyObject*
get_recursion_depth(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
{
    PyThreadState *tstate = PyThreadState_Get();

    /* subtract one to ignore the frame of the get_recursion_depth() call */
    return PyLong_FromLong(tstate->recursion_depth - 1);
}

static PyObject*
pymem_buffer_overflow(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
{
    char *buffer;

    /* Deliberate buffer overflow to check that PyMem_Free() detects
       the overflow when debug hooks are installed. */
    buffer = PyMem_Malloc(16);
    if (buffer == NULL) {
        PyErr_NoMemory();
        return NULL;
    }
    buffer[16] = 'x';
    PyMem_Free(buffer);

    Py_RETURN_NONE;
}

static PyObject*
pymem_api_misuse(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
{
    char *buffer;

    /* Deliberate misusage of Python allocators:
       allococate with PyMem but release with PyMem_Raw. */
    buffer = PyMem_Malloc(16);
    PyMem_RawFree(buffer);

    Py_RETURN_NONE;
}

static PyObject*
pymem_malloc_without_gil(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
{
    char *buffer;

    /* Deliberate bug to test debug hooks on Python memory allocators:
       call PyMem_Malloc() without holding the GIL */
    Py_BEGIN_ALLOW_THREADS
    buffer = PyMem_Malloc(10);
    Py_END_ALLOW_THREADS

    PyMem_Free(buffer);

    Py_RETURN_NONE;
}


static PyObject*
test_pymem_getallocatorsname(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
{
    const char *name = _PyMem_GetCurrentAllocatorName();
    if (name == NULL) {
        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_RuntimeError, "cannot get allocators name");
        return NULL;
    }
    return PyUnicode_FromString(name);
}


static PyObject*
test_pyobject_is_freed(const char *test_name, PyObject *op)
{
    if (!_PyObject_IsFreed(op)) {
        return raiseTestError(test_name, "object is not seen as freed");
    }
    Py_RETURN_NONE;
}


static PyObject*
check_pyobject_uninitialized_is_freed(PyObject *self, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(args))
{
    PyObject *op = (PyObject *)PyObject_Malloc(sizeof(PyObject));
    if (op == NULL) {
        return NULL;
    }
    /* Initialize reference count to avoid early crash in ceval or GC */
    Py_REFCNT(op) = 1;
    /* object fields like ob_type are uninitialized! */
    return test_pyobject_is_freed("check_pyobject_uninitialized_is_freed", op);
}


static PyObject*
check_pyobject_forbidden_bytes_is_freed(PyObject *self, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(args))
{
    /* Allocate an incomplete PyObject structure: truncate 'ob_type' field */
    PyObject *op = (PyObject *)PyObject_Malloc(offsetof(PyObject, ob_type));
    if (op == NULL) {
        return NULL;
    }
    /* Initialize reference count to avoid early crash in ceval or GC */
    Py_REFCNT(op) = 1;
    /* ob_type field is after the memory block: part of "forbidden bytes"
       when using debug hooks on memory allocatrs! */
    return test_pyobject_is_freed("check_pyobject_forbidden_bytes_is_freed", op);
}


static PyObject*
check_pyobject_freed_is_freed(PyObject *self, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(args))
{
    PyObject *op = _PyObject_CallNoArg((PyObject *)&PyBaseObject_Type);
    if (op == NULL) {
        return NULL;
    }
    Py_TYPE(op)->tp_dealloc(op);
    /* Reset reference count to avoid early crash in ceval or GC */
    Py_REFCNT(op) = 1;
    /* object memory is freed! */
    return test_pyobject_is_freed("check_pyobject_freed_is_freed", op);
}


static PyObject*
pyobject_malloc_without_gil(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
{
    char *buffer;

    /* Deliberate bug to test debug hooks on Python memory allocators:
       call PyObject_Malloc() without holding the GIL */
    Py_BEGIN_ALLOW_THREADS
    buffer = PyObject_Malloc(10);
    Py_END_ALLOW_THREADS

    PyObject_Free(buffer);

    Py_RETURN_NONE;
}

static PyObject *
tracemalloc_track(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
{
    unsigned int domain;
    PyObject *ptr_obj;
    void *ptr;
    Py_ssize_t size;
    int release_gil = 0;
    int res;

    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "IOn|i", &domain, &ptr_obj, &size, &release_gil))
        return NULL;
    ptr = PyLong_AsVoidPtr(ptr_obj);
    if (PyErr_Occurred())
        return NULL;

    if (release_gil) {
        Py_BEGIN_ALLOW_THREADS
        res = PyTraceMalloc_Track(domain, (uintptr_t)ptr, size);
        Py_END_ALLOW_THREADS
    }
    else {
        res = PyTraceMalloc_Track(domain, (uintptr_t)ptr, size);
    }

    if (res < 0) {
        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_RuntimeError, "PyTraceMalloc_Track error");
        return NULL;
    }

    Py_RETURN_NONE;
}

static PyObject *
tracemalloc_untrack(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
{
    unsigned int domain;
    PyObject *ptr_obj;
    void *ptr;
    int res;

    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "IO", &domain, &ptr_obj))
        return NULL;
    ptr = PyLong_AsVoidPtr(ptr_obj);
    if (PyErr_Occurred())
        return NULL;

    res = PyTraceMalloc_Untrack(domain, (uintptr_t)ptr);
    if (res < 0) {
        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_RuntimeError, "PyTraceMalloc_Untrack error");
        return NULL;
    }

    Py_RETURN_NONE;
}

static PyObject *
tracemalloc_get_traceback(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
{
    unsigned int domain;
    PyObject *ptr_obj;
    void *ptr;

    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "IO", &domain, &ptr_obj))
        return NULL;
    ptr = PyLong_AsVoidPtr(ptr_obj);
    if (PyErr_Occurred())
        return NULL;

    return _PyTraceMalloc_GetTraceback(domain, (uintptr_t)ptr);
}

static PyObject *
dict_get_version(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
{
    PyDictObject *dict;
    uint64_t version;

    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "O!", &PyDict_Type, &dict))
        return NULL;

    version = dict->ma_version_tag;

    Py_BUILD_ASSERT(sizeof(unsigned PY_LONG_LONG) >= sizeof(version));
    return PyLong_FromUnsignedLongLong((unsigned PY_LONG_LONG)version);
}


static PyObject *
raise_SIGINT_then_send_None(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
{
    PyGenObject *gen;

    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "O!", &PyGen_Type, &gen))
        return NULL;

    /* This is used in a test to check what happens if a signal arrives just
       as we're in the process of entering a yield from chain (see
       bpo-30039).

       Needs to be done in C, because:
       - we don't have a Python wrapper for raise()
       - we need to make sure that the Python-level signal handler doesn't run
         *before* we enter the generator frame, which is impossible in Python
         because we check for signals before every bytecode operation.
     */
    raise(SIGINT);
    return _PyGen_Send(gen, Py_None);
}


static int
fastcall_args(PyObject *args, PyObject ***stack, Py_ssize_t *nargs)
{
    if (args == Py_None) {
        *stack = NULL;
        *nargs = 0;
    }
    else if (PyTuple_Check(args)) {
        *stack = ((PyTupleObject *)args)->ob_item;
        *nargs = PyTuple_GET_SIZE(args);
    }
    else {
        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, "args must be None or a tuple");
        return -1;
    }
    return 0;
}


static PyObject *
test_pyobject_fastcall(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
{
    PyObject *func, *func_args;
    PyObject **stack;
    Py_ssize_t nargs;

    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "OO", &func, &func_args)) {
        return NULL;
    }

    if (fastcall_args(func_args, &stack, &nargs) < 0) {
        return NULL;
    }
    return _PyObject_FastCall(func, stack, nargs);
}


static PyObject *
test_pyobject_fastcalldict(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
{
    PyObject *func, *func_args, *kwargs;
    PyObject **stack;
    Py_ssize_t nargs;

    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "OOO", &func, &func_args, &kwargs)) {
        return NULL;
    }

    if (fastcall_args(func_args, &stack, &nargs) < 0) {
        return NULL;
    }

    if (kwargs == Py_None) {
        kwargs = NULL;
    }
    else if (!PyDict_Check(kwargs)) {
        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, "kwnames must be None or a dict");
        return NULL;
    }

    return _PyObject_FastCallDict(func, stack, nargs, kwargs);
}


static PyObject *
test_pyobject_vectorcall(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
{
    PyObject *func, *func_args, *kwnames = NULL;
    PyObject **stack;
    Py_ssize_t nargs, nkw;

    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "OOO", &func, &func_args, &kwnames)) {
        return NULL;
    }

    if (fastcall_args(func_args, &stack, &nargs) < 0) {
        return NULL;
    }

    if (kwnames == Py_None) {
        kwnames = NULL;
    }
    else if (PyTuple_Check(kwnames)) {
        nkw = PyTuple_GET_SIZE(kwnames);
        if (nargs < nkw) {
            PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError, "kwnames longer than args");
            return NULL;
        }
        nargs -= nkw;
    }
    else {
        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, "kwnames must be None or a tuple");
        return NULL;
    }
    return _PyObject_Vectorcall(func, stack, nargs, kwnames);
}


static PyObject *
test_pyvectorcall_call(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
{
    PyObject *func;
    PyObject *argstuple;
    PyObject *kwargs = NULL;

    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "OO|O", &func, &argstuple, &kwargs)) {
        return NULL;
    }

    if (!PyTuple_Check(argstuple)) {
        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, "args must be a tuple");
        return NULL;
    }
    if (kwargs != NULL && !PyDict_Check(kwargs)) {
        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, "kwargs must be a dict");
        return NULL;
    }

    return PyVectorcall_Call(func, argstuple, kwargs);
}


static PyObject*
stack_pointer(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
{
    int v = 5;
    return PyLong_FromVoidPtr(&v);
}


#ifdef W_STOPCODE
static PyObject*
py_w_stopcode(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
{
    int sig, status;
    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "i", &sig)) {
        return NULL;
    }
    status = W_STOPCODE(sig);
    return PyLong_FromLong(status);
}
#endif


static PyObject *
get_mapping_keys(PyObject* self, PyObject *obj)
{
    return PyMapping_Keys(obj);
}

static PyObject *
get_mapping_values(PyObject* self, PyObject *obj)
{
    return PyMapping_Values(obj);
}

static PyObject *
get_mapping_items(PyObject* self, PyObject *obj)
{
    return PyMapping_Items(obj);
}


static PyObject *
test_pythread_tss_key_state(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
{
    Py_tss_t tss_key = Py_tss_NEEDS_INIT;
    if (PyThread_tss_is_created(&tss_key)) {
        return raiseTestError("test_pythread_tss_key_state",
                              "TSS key not in an uninitialized state at "
                              "creation time");
    }
    if (PyThread_tss_create(&tss_key) != 0) {
        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_RuntimeError, "PyThread_tss_create failed");
        return NULL;
    }
    if (!PyThread_tss_is_created(&tss_key)) {
        return raiseTestError("test_pythread_tss_key_state",
                              "PyThread_tss_create succeeded, "
                              "but with TSS key in an uninitialized state");
    }
    if (PyThread_tss_create(&tss_key) != 0) {
        return raiseTestError("test_pythread_tss_key_state",
                              "PyThread_tss_create unsuccessful with "
                              "an already initialized key");
    }
#define CHECK_TSS_API(expr) \
        (void)(expr); \
        if (!PyThread_tss_is_created(&tss_key)) { \
            return raiseTestError("test_pythread_tss_key_state", \
                                  "TSS key initialization state was not " \
                                  "preserved after calling " #expr); }
    CHECK_TSS_API(PyThread_tss_set(&tss_key, NULL));
    CHECK_TSS_API(PyThread_tss_get(&tss_key));
#undef CHECK_TSS_API
    PyThread_tss_delete(&tss_key);
    if (PyThread_tss_is_created(&tss_key)) {
        return raiseTestError("test_pythread_tss_key_state",
                              "PyThread_tss_delete called, but did not "
                              "set the key state to uninitialized");
    }

    Py_tss_t *ptr_key = PyThread_tss_alloc();
    if (ptr_key == NULL) {
        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_RuntimeError, "PyThread_tss_alloc failed");
        return NULL;
    }
    if (PyThread_tss_is_created(ptr_key)) {
        return raiseTestError("test_pythread_tss_key_state",
                              "TSS key not in an uninitialized state at "
                              "allocation time");
    }
    PyThread_tss_free(ptr_key);
    ptr_key = NULL;
    Py_RETURN_NONE;
}


static PyObject*
new_hamt(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
{
    return _PyContext_NewHamtForTests();
}


/* def bad_get(self, obj, cls):
       cls()
       return repr(self)
*/
static PyObject*
bad_get(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs)
{
    PyObject *self, *obj, *cls;
    if (!_PyArg_UnpackStack(args, nargs, "bad_get", 3, 3, &self, &obj, &cls)) {
        return NULL;
    }

    PyObject *res = PyObject_CallObject(cls, NULL);
    if (res == NULL) {
        return NULL;
    }
    Py_DECREF(res);

    return PyObject_Repr(self);
}


static PyObject *
encode_locale_ex(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
{
    PyObject *unicode;
    int current_locale = 0;
    wchar_t *wstr;
    PyObject *res = NULL;
    const char *errors = NULL;

    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "U|is", &unicode, &current_locale, &errors)) {
        return NULL;
    }
    wstr = PyUnicode_AsWideCharString(unicode, NULL);
    if (wstr == NULL) {
        return NULL;
    }
    _Py_error_handler error_handler = _Py_GetErrorHandler(errors);

    char *str = NULL;
    size_t error_pos;
    const char *reason = NULL;
    int ret = _Py_EncodeLocaleEx(wstr,
                                 &str, &error_pos, &reason,
                                 current_locale, error_handler);
    PyMem_Free(wstr);

    switch(ret) {
    case 0:
        res = PyBytes_FromString(str);
        PyMem_RawFree(str);
        break;
    case -1:
        PyErr_NoMemory();
        break;
    case -2:
        PyErr_Format(PyExc_RuntimeError, "encode error: pos=%zu, reason=%s",
                     error_pos, reason);
        break;
    case -3:
        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError, "unsupported error handler");
        break;
    default:
        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError, "unknow error code");
        break;
    }
    return res;
}


static PyObject *
decode_locale_ex(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
{
    char *str;
    int current_locale = 0;
    PyObject *res = NULL;
    const char *errors = NULL;

    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "y|is", &str, &current_locale, &errors)) {
        return NULL;
    }
    _Py_error_handler error_handler = _Py_GetErrorHandler(errors);

    wchar_t *wstr = NULL;
    size_t wlen = 0;
    const char *reason = NULL;
    int ret = _Py_DecodeLocaleEx(str,
                                 &wstr, &wlen, &reason,
                                 current_locale, error_handler);

    switch(ret) {
    case 0:
        res = PyUnicode_FromWideChar(wstr, wlen);
        PyMem_RawFree(wstr);
        break;
    case -1:
        PyErr_NoMemory();
        break;
    case -2:
        PyErr_Format(PyExc_RuntimeError, "decode error: pos=%zu, reason=%s",
                     wlen, reason);
        break;
    case -3:
        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError, "unsupported error handler");
        break;
    default:
        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError, "unknow error code");
        break;
    }
    return res;
}


#ifdef Py_REF_DEBUG
static PyObject *
negative_refcount(PyObject *self, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(args))
{
    PyObject *obj = PyUnicode_FromString("negative_refcount");
    if (obj == NULL) {
        return NULL;
    }
    assert(Py_REFCNT(obj) == 1);

    Py_REFCNT(obj) = 0;
    /* Py_DECREF() must call _Py_NegativeRefcount() and abort Python */
    Py_DECREF(obj);

    Py_RETURN_NONE;
}
#endif


static PyObject*
test_write_unraisable_exc(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
{
    PyObject *exc, *err_msg, *obj;
    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "OOO", &exc, &err_msg, &obj)) {
        return NULL;
    }

    const char *err_msg_utf8;
    if (err_msg != Py_None) {
        err_msg_utf8 = PyUnicode_AsUTF8(err_msg);
        if (err_msg_utf8 == NULL) {
            return NULL;
        }
    }
    else {
        err_msg_utf8 = NULL;
    }

    PyErr_SetObject((PyObject *)Py_TYPE(exc), exc);
    _PyErr_WriteUnraisableMsg(err_msg_utf8, obj);
    Py_RETURN_NONE;
}


static PyMethodDef TestMethods[] = {
    {"raise_exception",         raise_exception,                 METH_VARARGS},
    {"raise_memoryerror",       raise_memoryerror,               METH_NOARGS},
    {"set_errno",               set_errno,                       METH_VARARGS},
    {"test_config",             test_config,                     METH_NOARGS},
    {"test_sizeof_c_types",     test_sizeof_c_types,             METH_NOARGS},
    {"test_datetime_capi",      test_datetime_capi,              METH_NOARGS},
    {"datetime_check_date",     datetime_check_date,             METH_VARARGS},
    {"datetime_check_time",     datetime_check_time,             METH_VARARGS},
    {"datetime_check_datetime",     datetime_check_datetime,     METH_VARARGS},
    {"datetime_check_delta",     datetime_check_delta,           METH_VARARGS},
    {"datetime_check_tzinfo",     datetime_check_tzinfo,         METH_VARARGS},
    {"make_timezones_capi",     make_timezones_capi,             METH_NOARGS},
    {"get_timezones_offset_zero",   get_timezones_offset_zero,   METH_NOARGS},
    {"get_timezone_utc_capi",    get_timezone_utc_capi,          METH_VARARGS},
    {"get_date_fromdate",        get_date_fromdate,              METH_VARARGS},
    {"get_datetime_fromdateandtime", get_datetime_fromdateandtime, METH_VARARGS},
    {"get_datetime_fromdateandtimeandfold", get_datetime_fromdateandtimeandfold, METH_VARARGS},
    {"get_time_fromtime",        get_time_fromtime,              METH_VARARGS},
    {"get_time_fromtimeandfold", get_time_fromtimeandfold,       METH_VARARGS},
    {"get_delta_fromdsu",        get_delta_fromdsu,              METH_VARARGS},
    {"get_date_fromtimestamp",   get_date_fromtimestamp,         METH_VARARGS},
    {"get_datetime_fromtimestamp", get_datetime_fromtimestamp,   METH_VARARGS},
    {"test_list_api",           test_list_api,                   METH_NOARGS},
    {"test_dict_iteration",     test_dict_iteration,             METH_NOARGS},
    {"dict_getitem_knownhash",  dict_getitem_knownhash,          METH_VARARGS},
    {"dict_hassplittable",      dict_hassplittable,              METH_O},
    {"test_lazy_hash_inheritance",      test_lazy_hash_inheritance,METH_NOARGS},
    {"test_long_api",           test_long_api,                   METH_NOARGS},
    {"test_xincref_doesnt_leak",test_xincref_doesnt_leak,        METH_NOARGS},
    {"test_incref_doesnt_leak", test_incref_doesnt_leak,         METH_NOARGS},
    {"test_xdecref_doesnt_leak",test_xdecref_doesnt_leak,        METH_NOARGS},
    {"test_decref_doesnt_leak", test_decref_doesnt_leak,         METH_NOARGS},
    {"test_structseq_newtype_doesnt_leak",
        test_structseq_newtype_doesnt_leak, METH_NOARGS},
    {"test_incref_decref_API",  test_incref_decref_API,          METH_NOARGS},
    {"test_long_and_overflow",  test_long_and_overflow,          METH_NOARGS},
    {"test_long_as_double",     test_long_as_double,             METH_NOARGS},
    {"test_long_as_size_t",     test_long_as_size_t,             METH_NOARGS},
    {"test_long_as_unsigned_long_long_mask",
        test_long_as_unsigned_long_long_mask, METH_NOARGS},
    {"test_long_numbits",       test_long_numbits,               METH_NOARGS},
    {"test_k_code",             test_k_code,                     METH_NOARGS},
    {"test_empty_argparse",     test_empty_argparse,             METH_NOARGS},
    {"parse_tuple_and_keywords", parse_tuple_and_keywords, METH_VARARGS},
    {"test_null_strings",       test_null_strings,               METH_NOARGS},
    {"test_string_from_format", (PyCFunction)test_string_from_format, METH_NOARGS},
    {"test_with_docstring",     test_with_docstring,             METH_NOARGS,
     PyDoc_STR("This is a pretty normal docstring.")},
    {"test_string_to_double",   test_string_to_double,           METH_NOARGS},
    {"test_unicode_compare_with_ascii", test_unicode_compare_with_ascii,
     METH_NOARGS},
    {"test_capsule", (PyCFunction)test_capsule, METH_NOARGS},
    {"test_from_contiguous", (PyCFunction)test_from_contiguous, METH_NOARGS},
#if (defined(__linux__) || defined(__FreeBSD__)) && defined(__GNUC__)
    {"test_pep3118_obsolete_write_locks", (PyCFunction)test_pep3118_obsolete_write_locks, METH_NOARGS},
#endif
    {"getbuffer_with_null_view", getbuffer_with_null_view, METH_O},
    {"test_buildvalue_N",       test_buildvalue_N,               METH_NOARGS},
    {"get_args", get_args, METH_VARARGS},
    {"get_kwargs", (PyCFunction)(void(*)(void))get_kwargs, METH_VARARGS|METH_KEYWORDS},
    {"getargs_tuple",           getargs_tuple,                   METH_VARARGS},
    {"getargs_keywords", (PyCFunction)(void(*)(void))getargs_keywords,
      METH_VARARGS|METH_KEYWORDS},
    {"getargs_keyword_only", (PyCFunction)(void(*)(void))getargs_keyword_only,
      METH_VARARGS|METH_KEYWORDS},
    {"getargs_positional_only_and_keywords",
      (PyCFunction)(void(*)(void))getargs_positional_only_and_keywords,
      METH_VARARGS|METH_KEYWORDS},
    {"getargs_b",               getargs_b,                       METH_VARARGS},
    {"getargs_B",               getargs_B,                       METH_VARARGS},
    {"getargs_h",               getargs_h,                       METH_VARARGS},
    {"getargs_H",               getargs_H,                       METH_VARARGS},
    {"getargs_I",               getargs_I,                       METH_VARARGS},
    {"getargs_k",               getargs_k,                       METH_VARARGS},
    {"getargs_i",               getargs_i,                       METH_VARARGS},
    {"getargs_l",               getargs_l,                       METH_VARARGS},
    {"getargs_n",               getargs_n,                       METH_VARARGS},
    {"getargs_p",               getargs_p,                       METH_VARARGS},
    {"getargs_L",               getargs_L,                       METH_VARARGS},
    {"getargs_K",               getargs_K,                       METH_VARARGS},
    {"test_longlong_api",       test_longlong_api,               METH_NOARGS},
    {"test_long_long_and_overflow",test_long_long_and_overflow,  METH_NOARGS},
    {"test_L_code",             test_L_code,                     METH_NOARGS},
    {"getargs_f",               getargs_f,                       METH_VARARGS},
    {"getargs_d",               getargs_d,                       METH_VARARGS},
    {"getargs_D",               getargs_D,                       METH_VARARGS},
    {"getargs_S",               getargs_S,                       METH_VARARGS},
    {"getargs_Y",               getargs_Y,                       METH_VARARGS},
    {"getargs_U",               getargs_U,                       METH_VARARGS},
    {"getargs_c",               getargs_c,                       METH_VARARGS},
    {"getargs_C",               getargs_C,                       METH_VARARGS},
    {"getargs_s",               getargs_s,                       METH_VARARGS},
    {"getargs_s_star",          getargs_s_star,                  METH_VARARGS},
    {"getargs_s_hash",          getargs_s_hash,                  METH_VARARGS},
    {"getargs_z",               getargs_z,                       METH_VARARGS},
    {"getargs_z_star",          getargs_z_star,                  METH_VARARGS},
    {"getargs_z_hash",          getargs_z_hash,                  METH_VARARGS},
    {"getargs_y",               getargs_y,                       METH_VARARGS},
    {"getargs_y_star",          getargs_y_star,                  METH_VARARGS},
    {"getargs_y_hash",          getargs_y_hash,                  METH_VARARGS},
    {"getargs_u",               getargs_u,                       METH_VARARGS},
    {"getargs_u_hash",          getargs_u_hash,                  METH_VARARGS},
    {"getargs_Z",               getargs_Z,                       METH_VARARGS},
    {"getargs_Z_hash",          getargs_Z_hash,                  METH_VARARGS},
    {"getargs_w_star",          getargs_w_star,                  METH_VARARGS},
    {"getargs_es",              getargs_es,                      METH_VARARGS},
    {"getargs_et",              getargs_et,                      METH_VARARGS},
    {"getargs_es_hash",         getargs_es_hash,                 METH_VARARGS},
    {"getargs_et_hash",         getargs_et_hash,                 METH_VARARGS},
    {"codec_incrementalencoder",
     (PyCFunction)codec_incrementalencoder,                      METH_VARARGS},
    {"codec_incrementaldecoder",
     (PyCFunction)codec_incrementaldecoder,                      METH_VARARGS},
    {"test_s_code",             test_s_code,                     METH_NOARGS},
    {"test_u_code",             test_u_code,                     METH_NOARGS},
    {"test_Z_code",             test_Z_code,                     METH_NOARGS},
    {"test_widechar",           test_widechar,                   METH_NOARGS},
    {"unicode_aswidechar",      unicode_aswidechar,              METH_VARARGS},
    {"unicode_aswidecharstring",unicode_aswidecharstring,        METH_VARARGS},
    {"unicode_asucs4",          unicode_asucs4,                  METH_VARARGS},
    {"unicode_findchar",        unicode_findchar,                METH_VARARGS},
    {"unicode_copycharacters",  unicode_copycharacters,          METH_VARARGS},
    {"unicode_encodedecimal",   unicode_encodedecimal,           METH_VARARGS},
    {"unicode_transformdecimaltoascii", unicode_transformdecimaltoascii, METH_VARARGS},
    {"unicode_legacy_string",   unicode_legacy_string,           METH_VARARGS},
    {"_test_thread_state",      test_thread_state,               METH_VARARGS},
    {"_pending_threadfunc",     pending_threadfunc,              METH_VARARGS},
#ifdef HAVE_GETTIMEOFDAY
    {"profile_int",             profile_int,                     METH_NOARGS},
#endif
    {"traceback_print",         traceback_print,                 METH_VARARGS},
    {"exception_print",         exception_print,                 METH_VARARGS},
    {"set_exc_info",            test_set_exc_info,               METH_VARARGS},
    {"argparsing",              argparsing,                      METH_VARARGS},
    {"code_newempty",           code_newempty,                   METH_VARARGS},
    {"make_exception_with_doc", (PyCFunction)(void(*)(void))make_exception_with_doc,
     METH_VARARGS | METH_KEYWORDS},
    {"make_memoryview_from_NULL_pointer", make_memoryview_from_NULL_pointer,
     METH_NOARGS},
    {"crash_no_current_thread", crash_no_current_thread,         METH_NOARGS},
    {"run_in_subinterp",        run_in_subinterp,                METH_VARARGS},
    {"pytime_object_to_time_t", test_pytime_object_to_time_t,  METH_VARARGS},
    {"pytime_object_to_timeval", test_pytime_object_to_timeval,  METH_VARARGS},
    {"pytime_object_to_timespec", test_pytime_object_to_timespec,  METH_VARARGS},
    {"with_tp_del",             with_tp_del,                     METH_VARARGS},
    {"create_cfunction",        create_cfunction,                METH_NOARGS},
    {"test_pymem_alloc0",       test_pymem_alloc0,               METH_NOARGS},
    {"test_pymem_setrawallocators",test_pymem_setrawallocators,  METH_NOARGS},
    {"test_pymem_setallocators",test_pymem_setallocators,        METH_NOARGS},
    {"test_pyobject_setallocators",test_pyobject_setallocators,  METH_NOARGS},
    {"set_nomemory", (PyCFunction)set_nomemory, METH_VARARGS,
     PyDoc_STR("set_nomemory(start:int, stop:int = 0)")},
    {"remove_mem_hooks",        remove_mem_hooks,                METH_NOARGS,
     PyDoc_STR("Remove memory hooks.")},
    {"no_docstring",
        (PyCFunction)test_with_docstring, METH_NOARGS},
    {"docstring_empty",
        (PyCFunction)test_with_docstring, METH_NOARGS,
        docstring_empty},
    {"docstring_no_signature",
        (PyCFunction)test_with_docstring, METH_NOARGS,
        docstring_no_signature},
    {"docstring_with_invalid_signature",
        (PyCFunction)test_with_docstring, METH_NOARGS,
        docstring_with_invalid_signature},
    {"docstring_with_invalid_signature2",
        (PyCFunction)test_with_docstring, METH_NOARGS,
        docstring_with_invalid_signature2},
    {"docstring_with_signature",
        (PyCFunction)test_with_docstring, METH_NOARGS,
        docstring_with_signature},
    {"docstring_with_signature_but_no_doc",
        (PyCFunction)test_with_docstring, METH_NOARGS,
        docstring_with_signature_but_no_doc},
    {"docstring_with_signature_and_extra_newlines",
        (PyCFunction)test_with_docstring, METH_NOARGS,
        docstring_with_signature_and_extra_newlines},
    {"docstring_with_signature_with_defaults",
        (PyCFunction)test_with_docstring, METH_NOARGS,
        docstring_with_signature_with_defaults},
    {"call_in_temporary_c_thread", call_in_temporary_c_thread, METH_O,
     PyDoc_STR("set_error_class(error_class) -> None")},
    {"pymarshal_write_long_to_file",
        pymarshal_write_long_to_file, METH_VARARGS},
    {"pymarshal_write_object_to_file",
        pymarshal_write_object_to_file, METH_VARARGS},
    {"pymarshal_read_short_from_file",
        pymarshal_read_short_from_file, METH_VARARGS},
    {"pymarshal_read_long_from_file",
        pymarshal_read_long_from_file, METH_VARARGS},
    {"pymarshal_read_last_object_from_file",
        pymarshal_read_last_object_from_file, METH_VARARGS},
    {"pymarshal_read_object_from_file",
        pymarshal_read_object_from_file, METH_VARARGS},
    {"return_null_without_error",
        return_null_without_error, METH_NOARGS},
    {"return_result_with_error",
        return_result_with_error, METH_NOARGS},
    {"PyTime_FromSeconds", test_pytime_fromseconds,  METH_VARARGS},
    {"PyTime_FromSecondsObject", test_pytime_fromsecondsobject,  METH_VARARGS},
    {"PyTime_AsSecondsDouble", test_pytime_assecondsdouble, METH_VARARGS},
    {"PyTime_AsTimeval", test_PyTime_AsTimeval, METH_VARARGS},
#ifdef HAVE_CLOCK_GETTIME
    {"PyTime_AsTimespec", test_PyTime_AsTimespec, METH_VARARGS},
#endif
    {"PyTime_AsMilliseconds", test_PyTime_AsMilliseconds, METH_VARARGS},
    {"PyTime_AsMicroseconds", test_PyTime_AsMicroseconds, METH_VARARGS},
    {"get_recursion_depth", get_recursion_depth, METH_NOARGS},
    {"pymem_buffer_overflow", pymem_buffer_overflow, METH_NOARGS},
    {"pymem_api_misuse", pymem_api_misuse, METH_NOARGS},
    {"pymem_malloc_without_gil", pymem_malloc_without_gil, METH_NOARGS},
    {"pymem_getallocatorsname", test_pymem_getallocatorsname, METH_NOARGS},
    {"check_pyobject_uninitialized_is_freed", check_pyobject_uninitialized_is_freed, METH_NOARGS},
    {"check_pyobject_forbidden_bytes_is_freed", check_pyobject_forbidden_bytes_is_freed, METH_NOARGS},
    {"check_pyobject_freed_is_freed", check_pyobject_freed_is_freed, METH_NOARGS},
    {"pyobject_malloc_without_gil", pyobject_malloc_without_gil, METH_NOARGS},
    {"tracemalloc_track", tracemalloc_track, METH_VARARGS},
    {"tracemalloc_untrack", tracemalloc_untrack, METH_VARARGS},
    {"tracemalloc_get_traceback", tracemalloc_get_traceback, METH_VARARGS},
    {"dict_get_version", dict_get_version, METH_VARARGS},
    {"raise_SIGINT_then_send_None", raise_SIGINT_then_send_None, METH_VARARGS},
    {"pyobject_fastcall", test_pyobject_fastcall, METH_VARARGS},
    {"pyobject_fastcalldict", test_pyobject_fastcalldict, METH_VARARGS},
    {"pyobject_vectorcall", test_pyobject_vectorcall, METH_VARARGS},
    {"pyvectorcall_call", test_pyvectorcall_call, METH_VARARGS},
    {"stack_pointer", stack_pointer, METH_NOARGS},
#ifdef W_STOPCODE
    {"W_STOPCODE", py_w_stopcode, METH_VARARGS},
#endif
    {"get_mapping_keys", get_mapping_keys, METH_O},
    {"get_mapping_values", get_mapping_values, METH_O},
    {"get_mapping_items", get_mapping_items, METH_O},
    {"test_pythread_tss_key_state", test_pythread_tss_key_state, METH_VARARGS},
    {"hamt", new_hamt, METH_NOARGS},
    {"bad_get", (PyCFunction)(void(*)(void))bad_get, METH_FASTCALL},
    {"EncodeLocaleEx", encode_locale_ex, METH_VARARGS},
    {"DecodeLocaleEx", decode_locale_ex, METH_VARARGS},
#ifdef Py_REF_DEBUG
    {"negative_refcount", negative_refcount, METH_NOARGS},
#endif
    {"write_unraisable_exc", test_write_unraisable_exc, METH_VARARGS},
    {NULL, NULL} /* sentinel */
};

#define AddSym(d, n, f, v) {PyObject *o = f(v); PyDict_SetItemString(d, n, o); Py_DECREF(o);}

typedef struct {
    char bool_member;
    char byte_member;
    unsigned char ubyte_member;
    short short_member;
    unsigned short ushort_member;
    int int_member;
    unsigned int uint_member;
    long long_member;
    unsigned long ulong_member;
    Py_ssize_t pyssizet_member;
    float float_member;
    double double_member;
    char inplace_member[6];
    long long longlong_member;
    unsigned long long ulonglong_member;
} all_structmembers;

typedef struct {
    PyObject_HEAD
    all_structmembers structmembers;
} test_structmembers;

static struct PyMemberDef test_members[] = {
    {"T_BOOL", T_BOOL, offsetof(test_structmembers, structmembers.bool_member), 0, NULL},
    {"T_BYTE", T_BYTE, offsetof(test_structmembers, structmembers.byte_member), 0, NULL},
    {"T_UBYTE", T_UBYTE, offsetof(test_structmembers, structmembers.ubyte_member), 0, NULL},
    {"T_SHORT", T_SHORT, offsetof(test_structmembers, structmembers.short_member), 0, NULL},
    {"T_USHORT", T_USHORT, offsetof(test_structmembers, structmembers.ushort_member), 0, NULL},
    {"T_INT", T_INT, offsetof(test_structmembers, structmembers.int_member), 0, NULL},
    {"T_UINT", T_UINT, offsetof(test_structmembers, structmembers.uint_member), 0, NULL},
    {"T_LONG", T_LONG, offsetof(test_structmembers, structmembers.long_member), 0, NULL},
    {"T_ULONG", T_ULONG, offsetof(test_structmembers, structmembers.ulong_member), 0, NULL},
    {"T_PYSSIZET", T_PYSSIZET, offsetof(test_structmembers, structmembers.pyssizet_member), 0, NULL},
    {"T_FLOAT", T_FLOAT, offsetof(test_structmembers, structmembers.float_member), 0, NULL},
    {"T_DOUBLE", T_DOUBLE, offsetof(test_structmembers, structmembers.double_member), 0, NULL},
    {"T_STRING_INPLACE", T_STRING_INPLACE, offsetof(test_structmembers, structmembers.inplace_member), 0, NULL},
    {"T_LONGLONG", T_LONGLONG, offsetof(test_structmembers, structmembers.longlong_member), 0, NULL},
    {"T_ULONGLONG", T_ULONGLONG, offsetof(test_structmembers, structmembers.ulonglong_member), 0, NULL},
    {NULL}
};


static PyObject *
test_structmembers_new(PyTypeObject *type, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwargs)
{
    static char *keywords[] = {
        "T_BOOL", "T_BYTE", "T_UBYTE", "T_SHORT", "T_USHORT",
        "T_INT", "T_UINT", "T_LONG", "T_ULONG", "T_PYSSIZET",
        "T_FLOAT", "T_DOUBLE", "T_STRING_INPLACE",
        "T_LONGLONG", "T_ULONGLONG",
        NULL};
    static const char fmt[] = "|bbBhHiIlknfds#LK";
    test_structmembers *ob;
    const char *s = NULL;
    Py_ssize_t string_len = 0;
    ob = PyObject_New(test_structmembers, type);
    if (ob == NULL)
        return NULL;
    memset(&ob->structmembers, 0, sizeof(all_structmembers));
    if (!PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords(args, kwargs, fmt, keywords,
                                     &ob->structmembers.bool_member,
                                     &ob->structmembers.byte_member,
                                     &ob->structmembers.ubyte_member,
                                     &ob->structmembers.short_member,
                                     &ob->structmembers.ushort_member,
                                     &ob->structmembers.int_member,
                                     &ob->structmembers.uint_member,
                                     &ob->structmembers.long_member,
                                     &ob->structmembers.ulong_member,
                                     &ob->structmembers.pyssizet_member,
                                     &ob->structmembers.float_member,
                                     &ob->structmembers.double_member,
                                     &s, &string_len
                                     , &ob->structmembers.longlong_member,
                                     &ob->structmembers.ulonglong_member
        )) {
        Py_DECREF(ob);
        return NULL;
    }
    if (s != NULL) {
        if (string_len > 5) {
            Py_DECREF(ob);
            PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError, "string too long");
            return NULL;
        }
        strcpy(ob->structmembers.inplace_member, s);
    }
    else {
        strcpy(ob->structmembers.inplace_member, "");
    }
    return (PyObject *)ob;
}

static void
test_structmembers_free(PyObject *ob)
{
    PyObject_FREE(ob);
}

static PyTypeObject test_structmembersType = {
    PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(NULL, 0)
    "test_structmembersType",
    sizeof(test_structmembers),         /* tp_basicsize */
    0,                                  /* tp_itemsize */
    test_structmembers_free,            /* destructor tp_dealloc */
    0,                                  /* tp_vectorcall_offset */
    0,                                  /* tp_getattr */
    0,                                  /* tp_setattr */
    0,                                  /* tp_as_async */
    0,                                  /* tp_repr */
    0,                                  /* tp_as_number */
    0,                                  /* tp_as_sequence */
    0,                                  /* tp_as_mapping */
    0,                                  /* tp_hash */
    0,                                  /* tp_call */
    0,                                  /* tp_str */
    PyObject_GenericGetAttr,            /* tp_getattro */
    PyObject_GenericSetAttr,            /* tp_setattro */
    0,                                  /* tp_as_buffer */
    0,                                  /* tp_flags */
    "Type containing all structmember types",
    0,                                  /* traverseproc tp_traverse */
    0,                                  /* tp_clear */
    0,                                  /* tp_richcompare */
    0,                                  /* tp_weaklistoffset */
    0,                                  /* tp_iter */
    0,                                  /* tp_iternext */
    0,                                  /* tp_methods */
    test_members,                       /* tp_members */
    0,
    0,
    0,
    0,
    0,
    0,
    0,
    0,
    test_structmembers_new,             /* tp_new */
};


typedef struct {
    PyObject_HEAD
} matmulObject;

static PyObject *
matmulType_matmul(PyObject *self, PyObject *other)
{
    return Py_BuildValue("(sOO)", "matmul", self, other);
}

static PyObject *
matmulType_imatmul(PyObject *self, PyObject *other)
{
    return Py_BuildValue("(sOO)", "imatmul", self, other);
}

static void
matmulType_dealloc(PyObject *self)
{
    Py_TYPE(self)->tp_free(self);
}

static PyNumberMethods matmulType_as_number = {
    0,                          /* nb_add */
    0,                          /* nb_subtract */
    0,                          /* nb_multiply */
    0,                          /* nb_remainde r*/
    0,                          /* nb_divmod */
    0,                          /* nb_power */
    0,                          /* nb_negative */
    0,                          /* tp_positive */
    0,                          /* tp_absolute */
    0,                          /* tp_bool */
    0,                          /* nb_invert */
    0,                          /* nb_lshift */
    0,                          /* nb_rshift */
    0,                          /* nb_and */
    0,                          /* nb_xor */
    0,                          /* nb_or */
    0,                          /* nb_int */
    0,                          /* nb_reserved */
    0,                          /* nb_float */
    0,                          /* nb_inplace_add */
    0,                          /* nb_inplace_subtract */
    0,                          /* nb_inplace_multiply */
    0,                          /* nb_inplace_remainder */
    0,                          /* nb_inplace_power */
    0,                          /* nb_inplace_lshift */
    0,                          /* nb_inplace_rshift */
    0,                          /* nb_inplace_and */
    0,                          /* nb_inplace_xor */
    0,                          /* nb_inplace_or */
    0,                          /* nb_floor_divide */
    0,                          /* nb_true_divide */
    0,                          /* nb_inplace_floor_divide */
    0,                          /* nb_inplace_true_divide */
    0,                          /* nb_index */
    matmulType_matmul,        /* nb_matrix_multiply */
    matmulType_imatmul        /* nb_matrix_inplace_multiply */
};

static PyTypeObject matmulType = {
    PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(NULL, 0)
    "matmulType",
    sizeof(matmulObject),               /* tp_basicsize */
    0,                                  /* tp_itemsize */
    matmulType_dealloc,                 /* destructor tp_dealloc */
    0,                                  /* tp_vectorcall_offset */
    0,                                  /* tp_getattr */
    0,                                  /* tp_setattr */
    0,                                  /* tp_as_async */
    0,                                  /* tp_repr */
    &matmulType_as_number,              /* tp_as_number */
    0,                                  /* tp_as_sequence */
    0,                                  /* tp_as_mapping */
    0,                                  /* tp_hash */
    0,                                  /* tp_call */
    0,                                  /* tp_str */
    PyObject_GenericGetAttr,            /* tp_getattro */
    PyObject_GenericSetAttr,            /* tp_setattro */
    0,                                  /* tp_as_buffer */
    0,                                  /* tp_flags */
    "C level type with matrix operations defined",
    0,                                  /* traverseproc tp_traverse */
    0,                                  /* tp_clear */
    0,                                  /* tp_richcompare */
    0,                                  /* tp_weaklistoffset */
    0,                                  /* tp_iter */
    0,                                  /* tp_iternext */
    0,                                  /* tp_methods */
    0,                                  /* tp_members */
    0,
    0,
    0,
    0,
    0,
    0,
    0,
    0,
    PyType_GenericNew,                  /* tp_new */
    PyObject_Del,                       /* tp_free */
};

typedef struct {
    PyObject_HEAD
} ipowObject;

static PyObject *
ipowType_ipow(PyObject *self, PyObject *other, PyObject *mod)
{
    return Py_BuildValue("OO", other, mod);
}

static PyNumberMethods ipowType_as_number = {
    .nb_inplace_power = ipowType_ipow
};

static PyTypeObject ipowType = {
    PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(NULL, 0)
    .tp_name = "ipowType",
    .tp_basicsize = sizeof(ipowObject),
    .tp_as_number = &ipowType_as_number,
    .tp_new = PyType_GenericNew
};

typedef struct {
    PyObject_HEAD
    PyObject *ao_iterator;
} awaitObject;


static PyObject *
awaitObject_new(PyTypeObject *type, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwds)
{
    PyObject *v;
    awaitObject *ao;

    if (!PyArg_UnpackTuple(args, "awaitObject", 1, 1, &v))
        return NULL;

    ao = (awaitObject *)type->tp_alloc(type, 0);
    if (ao == NULL) {
        return NULL;
    }

    Py_INCREF(v);
    ao->ao_iterator = v;

    return (PyObject *)ao;
}


static void
awaitObject_dealloc(awaitObject *ao)
{
    Py_CLEAR(ao->ao_iterator);
    Py_TYPE(ao)->tp_free(ao);
}


static PyObject *
awaitObject_await(awaitObject *ao)
{
    Py_INCREF(ao->ao_iterator);
    return ao->ao_iterator;
}

static PyAsyncMethods awaitType_as_async = {
    (unaryfunc)awaitObject_await,           /* am_await */
    0,                                      /* am_aiter */
    0                                       /* am_anext */
};


static PyTypeObject awaitType = {
    PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(NULL, 0)
    "awaitType",
    sizeof(awaitObject),                /* tp_basicsize */
    0,                                  /* tp_itemsize */
    (destructor)awaitObject_dealloc,    /* destructor tp_dealloc */
    0,                                  /* tp_vectorcall_offset */
    0,                                  /* tp_getattr */
    0,                                  /* tp_setattr */
    &awaitType_as_async,                /* tp_as_async */
    0,                                  /* tp_repr */
    0,                                  /* tp_as_number */
    0,                                  /* tp_as_sequence */
    0,                                  /* tp_as_mapping */
    0,                                  /* tp_hash */
    0,                                  /* tp_call */
    0,                                  /* tp_str */
    PyObject_GenericGetAttr,            /* tp_getattro */
    PyObject_GenericSetAttr,            /* tp_setattro */
    0,                                  /* tp_as_buffer */
    0,                                  /* tp_flags */
    "C level type with tp_as_async",
    0,                                  /* traverseproc tp_traverse */
    0,                                  /* tp_clear */
    0,                                  /* tp_richcompare */
    0,                                  /* tp_weaklistoffset */
    0,                                  /* tp_iter */
    0,                                  /* tp_iternext */
    0,                                  /* tp_methods */
    0,                                  /* tp_members */
    0,
    0,
    0,
    0,
    0,
    0,
    0,
    0,
    awaitObject_new,                    /* tp_new */
    PyObject_Del,                       /* tp_free */
};


static int recurse_infinitely_error_init(PyObject *, PyObject *, PyObject *);

static PyTypeObject PyRecursingInfinitelyError_Type = {
    PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(NULL, 0)
    "RecursingInfinitelyError",   /* tp_name */
    sizeof(PyBaseExceptionObject), /* tp_basicsize */
    0,                          /* tp_itemsize */
    0,                          /* tp_dealloc */
    0,                          /* tp_vectorcall_offset */
    0,                          /* tp_getattr */
    0,                          /* tp_setattr */
    0,                          /* tp_as_async */
    0,                          /* tp_repr */
    0,                          /* tp_as_number */
    0,                          /* tp_as_sequence */
    0,                          /* tp_as_mapping */
    0,                          /* tp_hash */
    0,                          /* tp_call */
    0,                          /* tp_str */
    0,                          /* tp_getattro */
    0,                          /* tp_setattro */
    0,                          /* tp_as_buffer */
    Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT | Py_TPFLAGS_BASETYPE, /* tp_flags */
    "Instantiating this exception starts infinite recursion.", /* tp_doc */
    0,                          /* tp_traverse */
    0,                          /* tp_clear */
    0,                          /* tp_richcompare */
    0,                          /* tp_weaklistoffset */
    0,                          /* tp_iter */
    0,                          /* tp_iternext */
    0,                          /* tp_methods */
    0,                          /* tp_members */
    0,                          /* tp_getset */
    0,                          /* tp_base */
    0,                          /* tp_dict */
    0,                          /* tp_descr_get */
    0,                          /* tp_descr_set */
    0,                          /* tp_dictoffset */
    (initproc)recurse_infinitely_error_init, /* tp_init */
    0,                          /* tp_alloc */
    0,                          /* tp_new */
};

static int
recurse_infinitely_error_init(PyObject *self, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwds)
{
    PyObject *type = (PyObject *)&PyRecursingInfinitelyError_Type;

    /* Instantiating this exception starts infinite recursion. */
    Py_INCREF(type);
    PyErr_SetObject(type, NULL);
    return -1;
}


/* Test bpo-35983: create a subclass of "list" which checks that instances
 * are not deallocated twice */

typedef struct {
    PyListObject list;
    int deallocated;
} MyListObject;

static PyObject *
MyList_new(PyTypeObject *type, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwds)
{
    PyObject* op = PyList_Type.tp_new(type, args, kwds);
    ((MyListObject*)op)->deallocated = 0;
    return op;
}

void
MyList_dealloc(MyListObject* op)
{
    if (op->deallocated) {
        /* We cannot raise exceptions here but we still want the testsuite
         * to fail when we hit this */
        Py_FatalError("MyList instance deallocated twice");
    }
    op->deallocated = 1;
    PyList_Type.tp_dealloc((PyObject *)op);
}

static PyTypeObject MyList_Type = {
    PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(NULL, 0)
    "MyList",
    sizeof(MyListObject),
    0,
    (destructor)MyList_dealloc,                 /* tp_dealloc */
    0,                                          /* tp_vectorcall_offset */
    0,                                          /* tp_getattr */
    0,                                          /* tp_setattr */
    0,                                          /* tp_as_async */
    0,                                          /* tp_repr */
    0,                                          /* tp_as_number */
    0,                                          /* tp_as_sequence */
    0,                                          /* tp_as_mapping */
    0,                                          /* tp_hash */
    0,                                          /* tp_call */
    0,                                          /* tp_str */
    0,                                          /* tp_getattro */
    0,                                          /* tp_setattro */
    0,                                          /* tp_as_buffer */
    Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT | Py_TPFLAGS_BASETYPE,   /* tp_flags */
    0,                                          /* tp_doc */
    0,                                          /* tp_traverse */
    0,                                          /* tp_clear */
    0,                                          /* tp_richcompare */
    0,                                          /* tp_weaklistoffset */
    0,                                          /* tp_iter */
    0,                                          /* tp_iternext */
    0,                                          /* tp_methods */
    0,                                          /* tp_members */
    0,                                          /* tp_getset */
    0,  /* &PyList_Type */                      /* tp_base */
    0,                                          /* tp_dict */
    0,                                          /* tp_descr_get */
    0,                                          /* tp_descr_set */
    0,                                          /* tp_dictoffset */
    0,                                          /* tp_init */
    0,                                          /* tp_alloc */
    MyList_new,                                 /* tp_new */
};


/* Test PEP 560 */

typedef struct {
    PyObject_HEAD
    PyObject *item;
} PyGenericAliasObject;

static void
generic_alias_dealloc(PyGenericAliasObject *self)
{
    Py_CLEAR(self->item);
    Py_TYPE(self)->tp_free((PyObject *)self);
}

static PyObject *
generic_alias_mro_entries(PyGenericAliasObject *self, PyObject *bases)
{
    return PyTuple_Pack(1, self->item);
}

static PyMethodDef generic_alias_methods[] = {
    {"__mro_entries__", (PyCFunction)(void(*)(void))generic_alias_mro_entries, METH_O, NULL},
    {NULL}  /* sentinel */
};

static PyTypeObject GenericAlias_Type = {
    PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(NULL, 0)
    "GenericAlias",
    sizeof(PyGenericAliasObject),
    0,
    .tp_dealloc = (destructor)generic_alias_dealloc,
    .tp_flags = Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT | Py_TPFLAGS_BASETYPE,
    .tp_methods = generic_alias_methods,
};

static PyObject *
generic_alias_new(PyObject *item)
{
    PyGenericAliasObject *o = PyObject_New(PyGenericAliasObject, &GenericAlias_Type);
    if (o == NULL) {
        return NULL;
    }
    Py_INCREF(item);
    o->item = item;
    return (PyObject*) o;
}

typedef struct {
    PyObject_HEAD
} PyGenericObject;

static PyObject *
generic_class_getitem(PyObject *type, PyObject *item)
{
    return generic_alias_new(item);
}

static PyMethodDef generic_methods[] = {
    {"__class_getitem__", generic_class_getitem, METH_O|METH_CLASS, NULL},
    {NULL}  /* sentinel */
};

static PyTypeObject Generic_Type = {
    PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(NULL, 0)
    "Generic",
    sizeof(PyGenericObject),
    0,
    .tp_flags = Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT | Py_TPFLAGS_BASETYPE,
    .tp_methods = generic_methods,
};


/* Test PEP 590 */

typedef struct {
    PyObject_HEAD
    vectorcallfunc vectorcall;
} MethodDescriptorObject;

static PyObject *
MethodDescriptor_vectorcall(PyObject *callable, PyObject *const *args,
                            size_t nargsf, PyObject *kwnames)
{
    /* True if using the vectorcall function in MethodDescriptorObject
     * but False for MethodDescriptor2Object */
    MethodDescriptorObject *md = (MethodDescriptorObject *)callable;
    return PyBool_FromLong(md->vectorcall != NULL);
}

static PyObject *
MethodDescriptor_new(PyTypeObject* type, PyObject* args, PyObject *kw)
{
    MethodDescriptorObject *op = (MethodDescriptorObject *)type->tp_alloc(type, 0);
    op->vectorcall = MethodDescriptor_vectorcall;
    return (PyObject *)op;
}

static PyObject *
func_descr_get(PyObject *func, PyObject *obj, PyObject *type)
{
    if (obj == Py_None || obj == NULL) {
        Py_INCREF(func);
        return func;
    }
    return PyMethod_New(func, obj);
}

static PyObject *
nop_descr_get(PyObject *func, PyObject *obj, PyObject *type)
{
    Py_INCREF(func);
    return func;
}

static PyObject *
call_return_args(PyObject *self, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwargs)
{
    Py_INCREF(args);
    return args;
}

static PyTypeObject MethodDescriptorBase_Type = {
    PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(NULL, 0)
    "MethodDescriptorBase",
    sizeof(MethodDescriptorObject),
    .tp_new = MethodDescriptor_new,
    .tp_call = PyVectorcall_Call,
    .tp_vectorcall_offset = offsetof(MethodDescriptorObject, vectorcall),
    .tp_flags = Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT | Py_TPFLAGS_BASETYPE |
                Py_TPFLAGS_METHOD_DESCRIPTOR | _Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_VECTORCALL,
    .tp_descr_get = func_descr_get,
};

static PyTypeObject MethodDescriptorDerived_Type = {
    PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(NULL, 0)
    "MethodDescriptorDerived",
    .tp_flags = Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT | Py_TPFLAGS_BASETYPE,
};

static PyTypeObject MethodDescriptorNopGet_Type = {
    PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(NULL, 0)
    "MethodDescriptorNopGet",
    .tp_flags = Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT | Py_TPFLAGS_BASETYPE,
    .tp_call = call_return_args,
    .tp_descr_get = nop_descr_get,
};

typedef struct {
    MethodDescriptorObject base;
    vectorcallfunc vectorcall;
} MethodDescriptor2Object;

static PyObject *
MethodDescriptor2_new(PyTypeObject* type, PyObject* args, PyObject *kw)
{
    MethodDescriptor2Object *op = PyObject_New(MethodDescriptor2Object, type);
    op->base.vectorcall = NULL;
    op->vectorcall = MethodDescriptor_vectorcall;
    return (PyObject *)op;
}

static PyTypeObject MethodDescriptor2_Type = {
    PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(NULL, 0)
    "MethodDescriptor2",
    sizeof(MethodDescriptor2Object),
    .tp_new = MethodDescriptor2_new,
    .tp_call = PyVectorcall_Call,
    .tp_vectorcall_offset = offsetof(MethodDescriptor2Object, vectorcall),
    .tp_flags = Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT | Py_TPFLAGS_BASETYPE | _Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_VECTORCALL,
};


static struct PyModuleDef _testcapimodule = {
    PyModuleDef_HEAD_INIT,
    "_testcapi",
    NULL,
    -1,
    TestMethods,
    NULL,
    NULL,
    NULL,
    NULL
};

/* Per PEP 489, this module will not be converted to multi-phase initialization
 */

PyMODINIT_FUNC
PyInit__testcapi(void)
{
    PyObject *m;

    m = PyModule_Create(&_testcapimodule);
    if (m == NULL)
        return NULL;

    Py_TYPE(&_HashInheritanceTester_Type)=&PyType_Type;

    Py_TYPE(&test_structmembersType)=&PyType_Type;
    Py_INCREF(&test_structmembersType);
    /* don't use a name starting with "test", since we don't want
       test_capi to automatically call this */
    PyModule_AddObject(m, "_test_structmembersType", (PyObject *)&test_structmembersType);
    if (PyType_Ready(&matmulType) < 0)
        return NULL;
    Py_INCREF(&matmulType);
    PyModule_AddObject(m, "matmulType", (PyObject *)&matmulType);
    if (PyType_Ready(&ipowType) < 0) {
        return NULL;
    }
    Py_INCREF(&ipowType);
    PyModule_AddObject(m, "ipowType", (PyObject *)&ipowType);

    if (PyType_Ready(&awaitType) < 0)
        return NULL;
    Py_INCREF(&awaitType);
    PyModule_AddObject(m, "awaitType", (PyObject *)&awaitType);

    MyList_Type.tp_base = &PyList_Type;
    if (PyType_Ready(&MyList_Type) < 0)
        return NULL;
    Py_INCREF(&MyList_Type);
    PyModule_AddObject(m, "MyList", (PyObject *)&MyList_Type);

    /* bpo-37250: old Cython code sets tp_print to 0, we check that
     * this doesn't break anything. */
    MyList_Type.tp_print = 0;

    if (PyType_Ready(&MethodDescriptorBase_Type) < 0)
        return NULL;
    Py_INCREF(&MethodDescriptorBase_Type);
    PyModule_AddObject(m, "MethodDescriptorBase", (PyObject *)&MethodDescriptorBase_Type);

    MethodDescriptorDerived_Type.tp_base = &MethodDescriptorBase_Type;
    if (PyType_Ready(&MethodDescriptorDerived_Type) < 0)
        return NULL;
    Py_INCREF(&MethodDescriptorDerived_Type);
    PyModule_AddObject(m, "MethodDescriptorDerived", (PyObject *)&MethodDescriptorDerived_Type);

    MethodDescriptorNopGet_Type.tp_base = &MethodDescriptorBase_Type;
    if (PyType_Ready(&MethodDescriptorNopGet_Type) < 0)
        return NULL;
    Py_INCREF(&MethodDescriptorNopGet_Type);
    PyModule_AddObject(m, "MethodDescriptorNopGet", (PyObject *)&MethodDescriptorNopGet_Type);

    MethodDescriptor2_Type.tp_base = &MethodDescriptorBase_Type;
    if (PyType_Ready(&MethodDescriptor2_Type) < 0)
        return NULL;
    Py_INCREF(&MethodDescriptor2_Type);
    PyModule_AddObject(m, "MethodDescriptor2", (PyObject *)&MethodDescriptor2_Type);

    if (PyType_Ready(&GenericAlias_Type) < 0)
        return NULL;
    Py_INCREF(&GenericAlias_Type);
    PyModule_AddObject(m, "GenericAlias", (PyObject *)&GenericAlias_Type);

    if (PyType_Ready(&Generic_Type) < 0)
        return NULL;
    Py_INCREF(&Generic_Type);
    PyModule_AddObject(m, "Generic", (PyObject *)&Generic_Type);

    PyRecursingInfinitelyError_Type.tp_base = (PyTypeObject *)PyExc_Exception;
    if (PyType_Ready(&PyRecursingInfinitelyError_Type) < 0) {
        return NULL;
    }
    Py_INCREF(&PyRecursingInfinitelyError_Type);
    PyModule_AddObject(m, "RecursingInfinitelyError",
                       (PyObject *)&PyRecursingInfinitelyError_Type);

    PyModule_AddObject(m, "CHAR_MAX", PyLong_FromLong(CHAR_MAX));
    PyModule_AddObject(m, "CHAR_MIN", PyLong_FromLong(CHAR_MIN));
    PyModule_AddObject(m, "UCHAR_MAX", PyLong_FromLong(UCHAR_MAX));
    PyModule_AddObject(m, "SHRT_MAX", PyLong_FromLong(SHRT_MAX));
    PyModule_AddObject(m, "SHRT_MIN", PyLong_FromLong(SHRT_MIN));
    PyModule_AddObject(m, "USHRT_MAX", PyLong_FromLong(USHRT_MAX));
    PyModule_AddObject(m, "INT_MAX",  PyLong_FromLong(INT_MAX));
    PyModule_AddObject(m, "INT_MIN",  PyLong_FromLong(INT_MIN));
    PyModule_AddObject(m, "UINT_MAX",  PyLong_FromUnsignedLong(UINT_MAX));
    PyModule_AddObject(m, "LONG_MAX", PyLong_FromLong(LONG_MAX));
    PyModule_AddObject(m, "LONG_MIN", PyLong_FromLong(LONG_MIN));
    PyModule_AddObject(m, "ULONG_MAX", PyLong_FromUnsignedLong(ULONG_MAX));
    PyModule_AddObject(m, "FLT_MAX", PyFloat_FromDouble(FLT_MAX));
    PyModule_AddObject(m, "FLT_MIN", PyFloat_FromDouble(FLT_MIN));
    PyModule_AddObject(m, "DBL_MAX", PyFloat_FromDouble(DBL_MAX));
    PyModule_AddObject(m, "DBL_MIN", PyFloat_FromDouble(DBL_MIN));
    PyModule_AddObject(m, "LLONG_MAX", PyLong_FromLongLong(PY_LLONG_MAX));
    PyModule_AddObject(m, "LLONG_MIN", PyLong_FromLongLong(PY_LLONG_MIN));
    PyModule_AddObject(m, "ULLONG_MAX", PyLong_FromUnsignedLongLong(PY_ULLONG_MAX));
    PyModule_AddObject(m, "PY_SSIZE_T_MAX", PyLong_FromSsize_t(PY_SSIZE_T_MAX));
    PyModule_AddObject(m, "PY_SSIZE_T_MIN", PyLong_FromSsize_t(PY_SSIZE_T_MIN));
    PyModule_AddObject(m, "SIZEOF_PYGC_HEAD", PyLong_FromSsize_t(sizeof(PyGC_Head)));
    PyModule_AddObject(m, "SIZEOF_TIME_T", PyLong_FromSsize_t(sizeof(time_t)));
    Py_INCREF(&PyInstanceMethod_Type);
    PyModule_AddObject(m, "instancemethod", (PyObject *)&PyInstanceMethod_Type);

    PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "the_number_three", 3);
#ifdef WITH_PYMALLOC
    PyModule_AddObject(m, "WITH_PYMALLOC", Py_True);
#else
    PyModule_AddObject(m, "WITH_PYMALLOC", Py_False);
#endif

    TestError = PyErr_NewException("_testcapi.error", NULL, NULL);
    Py_INCREF(TestError);
    PyModule_AddObject(m, "error", TestError);
    return m;
}
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