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Tip revision: 74f4bd53e03ded8408bcc2de67cf0f5a4ac5b1a1 authored by Barry Warsaw on 23 February 2012, 15:59:38 UTC
Bump some more copyright years (as per PEP 101), since this is the first
Bump some more copyright years (as per PEP 101), since this is the first
Tip revision: 74f4bd5
fnmatch.rst
:mod:`fnmatch` --- Unix filename pattern matching
=================================================
.. module:: fnmatch
:synopsis: Unix shell style filename pattern matching.
.. index:: single: filenames; wildcard expansion
.. index:: module: re
This module provides support for Unix shell-style wildcards, which are *not* the
same as regular expressions (which are documented in the :mod:`re` module). The
special characters used in shell-style wildcards are:
+------------+------------------------------------+
| Pattern | Meaning |
+============+====================================+
| ``*`` | matches everything |
+------------+------------------------------------+
| ``?`` | matches any single character |
+------------+------------------------------------+
| ``[seq]`` | matches any character in *seq* |
+------------+------------------------------------+
| ``[!seq]`` | matches any character not in *seq* |
+------------+------------------------------------+
.. index:: module: glob
Note that the filename separator (``'/'`` on Unix) is *not* special to this
module. See module :mod:`glob` for pathname expansion (:mod:`glob` uses
:func:`fnmatch` to match pathname segments). Similarly, filenames starting with
a period are not special for this module, and are matched by the ``*`` and ``?``
patterns.
.. function:: fnmatch(filename, pattern)
Test whether the *filename* string matches the *pattern* string, returning
:const:`True` or :const:`False`. If the operating system is case-insensitive,
then both parameters will be normalized to all lower- or upper-case before
the comparison is performed. :func:`fnmatchcase` can be used to perform a
case-sensitive comparison, regardless of whether that's standard for the
operating system.
This example will print all file names in the current directory with the
extension ``.txt``::
import fnmatch
import os
for file in os.listdir('.'):
if fnmatch.fnmatch(file, '*.txt'):
print file
.. function:: fnmatchcase(filename, pattern)
Test whether *filename* matches *pattern*, returning :const:`True` or
:const:`False`; the comparison is case-sensitive.
.. function:: filter(names, pattern)
Return the subset of the list of *names* that match *pattern*. It is the same as
``[n for n in names if fnmatch(n, pattern)]``, but implemented more efficiently.
.. versionadded:: 2.2
.. function:: translate(pattern)
Return the shell-style *pattern* converted to a regular expression.
Example:
>>> import fnmatch, re
>>>
>>> regex = fnmatch.translate('*.txt')
>>> regex
'.*\\.txt$'
>>> reobj = re.compile(regex)
>>> reobj.match('foobar.txt')
<_sre.SRE_Match object at 0x...>
.. seealso::
Module :mod:`glob`
Unix shell-style path expansion.